final commit

Main.java

@@ -1,127 +1,155 @@
-import java.io.*;
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Random;
 
 public class Main {
-    List<Chromosome> population = new ArrayList<>(); // Список хромосом
+    // Initalizing variables
+    public static int POPULATIONSIZE = 0;
+    public static int TOURNAMENTSIZE = 0;
+    public static double MUTATIONRATE = 0;
+    // Threshold of number of mutable positions for easy level sudoku
+    public static int EASYTHRESHOLD = 60; 
+    public static int HARDTHRESHOLD = 70;
+    // List to store the population of chromosomes  
+    List<Chromosome> population = new ArrayList<>();
     Random random = new Random();
 
     public static void main(String[] args) {
-        // Создаем экземпляр класса Main
+        // Base Sudoku matrix (input matrix)
-        Main mainInstance = new Main();
+        int[][] baseSudoku = new int[9][9];
-        mainInstance.generateInitialChromosomes(100); // Генерация 100 хромосом
+        // List to track positions in Sudoku that are mutable
+        List<int[]> mutablePositions = new ArrayList<>();
+        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
+        
+        try {
+            // Reading the Sudoku matrix from the console input
+            for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+                // Split the input by space
+                String[] tokens = reader.readLine().split(" ");
+                for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
+                    if (tokens[j].equals("-")) {
+                        // Empty cells are marked as 0
+                        baseSudoku[i][j] = 0;
+                        // Add mutable positions (i, j) to the list
+                        mutablePositions.add(new int[]{i, j});
+                    } else {
+                        // Set fixed value from the input
+                        baseSudoku[i][j] = Integer.parseInt(tokens[j]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // If an error occurs during input reading, print the error and stop the program
+            System.err.println("Error reading input: " + e.getMessage());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Main mainInstance = new Main(); // Create instance of Main class
+
+        // Choosing variables for different sudoku difficulties
+        if (mutablePositions.size() < EASYTHRESHOLD) { // Easy sudoku
+            POPULATIONSIZE = 100000;
+            TOURNAMENTSIZE = 8;
+            MUTATIONRATE = 0.34;
+        } else if (mutablePositions.size() < HARDTHRESHOLD) { // Hard sudoku
+            POPULATIONSIZE = 100000;
+            TOURNAMENTSIZE = 8;
+            MUTATIONRATE = 0.34;
+        }
+        else { // Ultra-hard sudoku
+            POPULATIONSIZE = 500000;
+            TOURNAMENTSIZE = 3;
+            MUTATIONRATE = 0.15;
+        }
+        
+        
+
+        // Generate initial population of 100 chromosomes
+        mainInstance.generateInitialChromosomes(POPULATIONSIZE, baseSudoku, mutablePositions);
 
-        // Убираем ограничение на количество поколений
-        double mutationRate = 0.05; // Вероятность мутации
         Chromosome bestSolution = null;
 
-        int generation = 0;
+        int generation = 0; // Track the number of generations
         while (true) {
-            // Оценка текущего поколения
+            // Evaluate the fitness of each chromosome in the population
             mainInstance.evaluatePopulation();
 
-            // Отбор родителей и создание новых потомков
             List<Chromosome> newPopulation = new ArrayList<>();
             for (int i = 0; i < mainInstance.population.size() / 2; i++) {
-
+                // Select parents using tournament selection
-                List<Chromosome> parents = mainInstance.tournamentSelection(5);
+                List<Chromosome> parents = mainInstance.tournamentSelection(TOURNAMENTSIZE);
+                // Perform crossover to create two children from the selected parents
                 Chromosome child1 = mainInstance.crossoverBySubgrids(parents.get(0), parents.get(1));
                 Chromosome child2 = mainInstance.crossoverBySubgrids(parents.get(1), parents.get(0));
 
-                // Мутация потомков
+                // Apply mutation to both children
-                mainInstance.mutateChromosome(child1, mutationRate);
+                mainInstance.mutateChromosome(child1, MUTATIONRATE);
-                mainInstance.mutateChromosome(child2, mutationRate);
+                mainInstance.mutateChromosome(child2, MUTATIONRATE);
 
+                // Add both children to the new population
                 newPopulation.add(child1);
                 newPopulation.add(child2);
             }
 
-            // Замена старой популяции на новую
+            // Replace the old population with the new population
             mainInstance.population = newPopulation;
 
-            // Логирование лучшего решения текущего поколения
+            // Get the best chromosome from the current population
             bestSolution = mainInstance.getBestChromosome();
-            System.out.println("Generation " + generation + ": Best Fitness = " + bestSolution.getFitness());
             generation++;
 
-            // Критерий завершения (если найдено идеальное решение)
+            // If the best solution found has a fitness of 0, print it and end the program
             if (bestSolution.getFitness() == 0) {
-                System.out.println("Optimal solution found in generation " + generation);
+                bestSolution.printChromosome(false);
-                break;
+                return;
             }
         }
-
-        // Вывод финального решения
-        if (bestSolution != null) {
-            System.out.println("Final Solution:");
-            bestSolution.printChromosome(false);
-            System.out.println("Fitness: " + bestSolution.getFitness());
-        }
-        
-
-        // Пример использования турнирной селекции
-        List<Chromosome> parents = mainInstance.tournamentSelection(5);
-        System.out.println("Selected Parents:");
-        for (Chromosome parent : parents) {
-            parent.printChromosome(false);
-            System.out.println("Fitness: " + parent.getFitness());
-        }
-        // Пример использования кроссовера по подрешеткам
-        Chromosome child = mainInstance.crossoverBySubgrids(parents.get(0), parents.get(1));
-        // Пример мутации
-        mainInstance.mutateChromosome(child, 0.05); // Мутация с вероятностью 5%
-        System.out.println("Child Chromosome:");
-        child.printChromosome(false);
-        System.out.println("Fitness: " + child.getFitness());
-        System.out.println("Fitness: " + child.getFitness());
-
     }
 
-    // Генерация начальной популяции хромосом
+    // Generate initial population of chromosomes
-    public void generateInitialChromosomes(int numberOfChromosomes) {
+    public void generateInitialChromosomes(int numberOfChromosomes, int[][] baseSudoku, List<int[]> mutablePositions) {
-        String inputFileName = "input.txt";
+        for (int i = 0; i < numberOfChromosomes; i++) {
-
+            // Create a copy of the base Sudoku
-        try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(inputFileName))) {
+            int[][] sudoku = copyMatrix(baseSudoku);
-            String line;
+            // Randomly fill mutable positions while ensuring no duplicates in subgrids
-            int[][] baseSudoku = new int[9][9]; // Матрица Судоку для шаблона
+            for (int gridRow = 0; gridRow < 3; gridRow++) {
-            List<int[]> mutablePositions = new ArrayList<>(); // Список координат изменяемых позиций
+                for (int gridCol = 0; gridCol < 3; gridCol++) {
-
+                    boolean[] present = new boolean[10];
-            int rowIndex = 0;
+                    List<int[]> subgridPositions = new ArrayList<>();
-            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
+                    // Collect all positions in the current 3x3 subgrid
-                String[] tokens = line.split(" "); // Разделяем строку по пробелам
+                    for (int row = gridRow * 3; row < gridRow * 3 + 3; row++) {
-                for (int colIndex = 0; colIndex < tokens.length; colIndex++) {
+                        for (int col = gridCol * 3; col < gridCol * 3 + 3; col++) {
-                    if (tokens[colIndex].equals("-")) {
+                            int value = sudoku[row][col];
-                        baseSudoku[rowIndex][colIndex] = 0; // Пустые ячейки заполняются 0
+                            if (value != 0) {
-                        mutablePositions.add(new int[]{rowIndex, colIndex}); // Добавляем координаты изменяемой позиции
+                                present[value] = true;
-                    } else {
+                            } else {
-                        baseSudoku[rowIndex][colIndex] = Integer.parseInt(tokens[colIndex]); // Конвертируем строку в число
+                                subgridPositions.add(new int[]{row, col});
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    // Randomly fill the subgrid ensuring no duplicates
+                    for (int[] pos : subgridPositions) {
+                        int newValue;
+                        do {
+                            newValue = random.nextInt(9) + 1;
+                        } while (present[newValue]);
+                        sudoku[pos[0]][pos[1]] = newValue;
+                        present[newValue] = true;
                     }
                 }
-                rowIndex++;
             }
-
+            // Create a new chromosome with the generated Sudoku and mutable positions
-            // Создаем заданное количество хромосом
+            Chromosome chromosome = new Chromosome(sudoku, new ArrayList<>(mutablePositions));
-            for (int i = 0; i < numberOfChromosomes; i++) {
+            chromosome.evaluateFitness(); // Evaluate its fitness
-                int[][] sudoku = copyMatrix(baseSudoku); // Копируем базовый Судоку
+            population.add(chromosome); // Add to the population
-                // Заполняем изменяемые позиции случайными числами (1-9)
-                for (int[] pos : mutablePositions) {
-                    int row = pos[0];
-                    int col = pos[1];
-                    sudoku[row][col] = random.nextInt(9) + 1;
-                }
-                // Добавляем хромосому в популяцию
-                Chromosome chromosome = new Chromosome(sudoku, new ArrayList<>(mutablePositions));
-                chromosome.evaluateFitness(); // Оценка фитнеса хромосомы
-                population.add(chromosome);
-            }
-
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            System.err.println("Error reading the file: " + e.getMessage());
         }
     }
 
-    // Копирование матрицы
+
+    // Create a deep copy of a matrix
     private int[][] copyMatrix(int[][] original) {
         int[][] copy = new int[original.length][original[0].length];
         for (int i = 0; i < original.length; i++) {
@@ -130,37 +158,39 @@ public class Main {
         return copy;
     }
 
-    // Турнирная селекция
+
     public List<Chromosome> tournamentSelection(int tournamentSize) {
         List<Chromosome> selectedParents = new ArrayList<>();
-        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { // Выбираем двух родителей
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
             List<Chromosome> tournament = new ArrayList<>();
+            // Randomly select chromosomes for the tournament
             for (int j = 0; j < tournamentSize; j++) {
                 Chromosome randomChromosome = population.get(random.nextInt(population.size()));
                 tournament.add(randomChromosome);
             }
+            // Determine the best chromosome in the tournament based on fitness
             Chromosome best = tournament.get(0);
             for (Chromosome chromosome : tournament) {
                 if (chromosome.getFitness() < best.getFitness()) {
                     best = chromosome;
                 }
             }
+            // Add the best chromosome to the list of selected parents
             selectedParents.add(best);
         }
         return selectedParents;
     }
-
+    
-        // Кроссовер по подрешеткам
     public Chromosome crossoverBySubgrids(Chromosome parent1, Chromosome parent2) {
         int[][] childSudoku = new int[9][9];
-
+    
-        // Сначала копируем матрицу от первого родителя
+        // Copy the entire Sudoku grid from parent1 to the child
         for (int row = 0; row < 9; row++) {
             System.arraycopy(parent1.getSudoku()[row], 0, childSudoku[row], 0, 9);
         }
-
+    
-        // Выбираем случайные подрешётки для обмена (например, 4 подрешётка)
+        // Determine the number of subgrids to swap from parent2 to child (1-5)
-        int numSubgridsToSwap = random.nextInt(5) + 1; // Выбираем от 1 до 5 подрешеток для обмена
+        int numSubgridsToSwap = random.nextInt(5) + 1;
         List<Integer> selectedSubgrids = new ArrayList<>();
         while (selectedSubgrids.size() < numSubgridsToSwap) {
             int subgridIndex = random.nextInt(9);
@@ -168,8 +198,8 @@ public class Main {
                 selectedSubgrids.add(subgridIndex);
             }
         }
-
+    
-        // Выполняем обмен выбранных подрешётков
+        // Swap the selected subgrids from parent2 into the child
         for (int subgrid : selectedSubgrids) {
             int rowStart = (subgrid / 3) * 3;
             int colStart = (subgrid % 3) * 3;
@@ -179,19 +209,17 @@ public class Main {
                 }
             }
         }
-
+    
-        // Создаем и возвращаем нового потомка
+        // Create a new chromosome with the resulting child Sudoku and evaluate its fitness
         Chromosome child = new Chromosome(childSudoku, parent1.getMutablePositions());
         child.evaluateFitness();
-        child.evaluateFitness();
         return child;
     }
-
     
-    // Вывод содержимого популяции для проверки
     public void printPopulation(boolean printMutPos) {
         System.out.println("Generated Population:");
         int count = 1;
+        // Print each chromosome's Sudoku and fitness value
         for (Chromosome chromosome : population) {
             System.out.println("Chromosome " + count + ":");
             chromosome.printChromosome(printMutPos);
@@ -200,36 +228,50 @@ public class Main {
             count++;
         }
     }
-
+    
-    // Мутация хромосомы
     public void mutateChromosome(Chromosome chromosome, double mutationRate) {
         int[][] sudoku = chromosome.getSudoku();
-        List<int[]> mutablePositions = chromosome.getMutablePositions();
+    
-
+        // With a probability defined by mutationRate, perform a mutation by swapping subgrids
-        // Проходим по всем изменяемым позициям
+        if (random.nextDouble() < mutationRate) {
-        for (int[] pos : mutablePositions) {
+            // Randomly select two different subgrids to swap
-            if (random.nextDouble() < mutationRate) {
+            int subgrid1, subgrid2;
-                int row = pos[0];
+            do {
-                int col = pos[1];
+                subgrid1 = random.nextInt(9);
-                int newValue = random.nextInt(9) + 1; // Генерируем новое значение от 1 до 9
+                subgrid2 = random.nextInt(9);
-                sudoku[row][col] = newValue; // Изменяем значение в выбранной позиции
+            } while (subgrid1 == subgrid2);
+    
+            // Get the starting coordinates for both subgrids
+            int rowStart1 = (subgrid1 / 3) * 3;
+            int colStart1 = (subgrid1 % 3) * 3;
+            int rowStart2 = (subgrid2 / 3) * 3;
+            int colStart2 = (subgrid2 % 3) * 3;
+    
+            // Swap the values in the two selected subgrids
+            for (int rowOffset = 0; rowOffset < 3; rowOffset++) {
+                for (int colOffset = 0; colOffset < 3; colOffset++) {
+                    int temp = sudoku[rowStart1 + rowOffset][colStart1 + colOffset];
+                    sudoku[rowStart1 + rowOffset][colStart1 + colOffset] = sudoku[rowStart2 + rowOffset][colStart2 + colOffset];
+                    sudoku[rowStart2 + rowOffset][colStart2 + colOffset] = temp;
+                }
             }
         }
-
+    
-        // Обновляем матрицу и оцениваем фитнес
+        // Update the chromosome's Sudoku and recalculate its fitness
         chromosome.setSudoku(sudoku);
         chromosome.evaluateFitness();
     }
-
+    
-    // Метод для оценки всей популяции
+    
     public void evaluatePopulation() {
+        // Evaluate the fitness of each chromosome in the population
         for (Chromosome chromosome : population) {
             chromosome.evaluateFitness();
         }
     }
-
+    
-    // Метод для получения лучшей хромосомы в популяции
     public Chromosome getBestChromosome() {
+        // Find and return the chromosome with the best (lowest) fitness in the population
         Chromosome best = population.get(0);
         for (Chromosome chromosome : population) {
             if (chromosome.getFitness() < best.getFitness()) {
@@ -238,100 +280,96 @@ public class Main {
         }
         return best;
     }
-
+    
-    // Класс хромосомы
+    // Chromosome class representing an individual solution
     public class Chromosome {
-        private int[][] sudoku; // Матрица Судоку
+        private int[][] sudoku; // Sudoku grid representing the chromosome
-        private List<int[]> mutablePositions; // Список координат изменяемых позиций
+        private List<int[]> mutablePositions; // Positions that can be changed (mutable)
-        private int fitness; // Значение фитнеса
+        private int fitness; // Fitness value representing the number of conflicts
-
+    
-        // Конструктор для инициализации хромосомы
+        // Constructor for initializing a Chromosome with a Sudoku grid and mutable positions
         public Chromosome(int[][] sudoku, List<int[]> mutablePositions) {
             this.sudoku = sudoku;
             this.mutablePositions = mutablePositions;
         }
-
+    
-        // Геттер для матрицы Судоку
         public int[][] getSudoku() {
             return sudoku;
         }
-
+    
-        // Сеттер для матрицы Судоку
         public void setSudoku(int[][] sudoku) {
             this.sudoku = sudoku;
         }
-
+    
-        // Геттер для изменяемых позиций
         public List<int[]> getMutablePositions() {
             return mutablePositions;
         }
-
+    
-        // Сеттер для изменяемых позиций
-        public void setMutablePositions(List<int[]> mutablePositions) {
-            this.mutablePositions = mutablePositions;
-        }
-
-        // Геттер для фитнеса
         public int getFitness() {
             return fitness;
         }
-
+    
-        // Метод для оценки фитнеса хромосомы
+        // Evaluate the fitness of the Sudoku by counting the number of row, column, and subgrid violations
         public void evaluateFitness() {
-            fitness = countRowViolations() + countColumnViolations() + countSubgridViolations();
+            fitness = countRowViolations() + countColumnViolations();
         }
-
+    
-        // Подсчет нарушений в строках
         private int countRowViolations() {
             int violations = 0;
-            for (int[] row : sudoku) {
+            // Iterate through each row to count conflicts
-                boolean[] seen = new boolean[10];
+            for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
-                for (int num : row) {
+                boolean[] present = new boolean[10];
-                    if (num != 0) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
-                        if (seen[num]) {
+                    int value = sudoku[i][j];
-                            violations++;
+                    if (value != 0) {
+                        if (present[value]) {
+                            violations++; // Increment violations if the value is already seen
                         } else {
-                            seen[num] = true;
+                            present[value] = true; // Mark the value as seen
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
             return violations;
         }
-
-        // Подсчет нарушений в столбцах
         private int countColumnViolations() {
             int violations = 0;
-            for (int col = 0; col < 9; col++) {
+            // Loop through each column
-                boolean[] seen = new boolean[10];
+            for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
-                for (int row = 0; row < 9; row++) {
+                boolean[] present = new boolean[10]; // Track numbers present in the column
-                    int num = sudoku[row][col];
+                for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
-                    if (num != 0) {
+                    int value = sudoku[i][j];
-                        if (seen[num]) {
+                    if (value != 0) {
+                        // If the number is already present, increment the violations count
+                        if (present[value]) {
                             violations++;
                         } else {
-                            seen[num] = true;
+                            // Mark the number as present
+                            present[value] = true;
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
             return violations;
         }
-
+        
-        // Подсчет нарушений в подрешетках 3x3
         private int countSubgridViolations() {
             int violations = 0;
-            for (int rowStart = 0; rowStart < 9; rowStart += 3) {
+            // Loop through each 3x3 subgrid
-                for (int colStart = 0; colStart < 9; colStart += 3) {
+            for (int gridRow = 0; gridRow < 3; gridRow++) {
-                    boolean[] seen = new boolean[10];
+                for (int gridCol = 0; gridCol < 3; gridCol++) {
-                    for (int row = rowStart; row < rowStart + 3; row++) {
+                    boolean[] present = new boolean[10]; // Track numbers present in the subgrid
-                        for (int col = colStart; col < colStart + 3; col++) {
+                    // Loop through cells in the 3x3 subgrid
-                            int num = sudoku[row][col];
+                    for (int row = gridRow * 3; row < gridRow * 3 + 3; row++) {
-                            if (num != 0) {
+                        for (int col = gridCol * 3; col < gridCol * 3 + 3; col++) {
-                                if (seen[num]) {
+                            int value = sudoku[row][col];
+                            if (value != 0) {
+                                // If the number is already present, increment the violations count
+                                if (present[value]) {
                                     violations++;
                                 } else {
-                                    seen[num] = true;
+                                    // Mark the number as present
+                                    present[value] = true;
                                 }
                             }
                         }
@@ -340,22 +378,30 @@ public class Main {
             }
             return violations;
         }
-
+        
-        // Метод для отображения состояния хромосомы
         public void printChromosome(boolean printMutPos) {
-            System.out.println("Sudoku Matrix:");
+            // Print the Sudoku matrix
             for (int[] row : sudoku) {
-                for (int num : row) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < row.length; j++) {
-                    System.out.print(num + " ");
+                    System.out.print(row[j]);
+                    if (j < row.length - 1) {
+                        System.out.print(" ");
+                    }
                 }
                 System.out.println();
             }
+            // If requested, print mutable positions
             if (printMutPos) {
-                System.out.println("Mutable Positions (Coordinates):");
+                System.out.println("Mutable Positions:");
-                for (int[] pos : mutablePositions) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < mutablePositions.size(); i++) {
-                    System.out.println("Row: " + pos[0] + ", Col: " + pos[1]);
+                    int[] pos = mutablePositions.get(i);
+                    System.out.print("(" + pos[0] + ", " + pos[1] + ")");
+                    if (i < mutablePositions.size() - 1) {
+                        System.out.print(" ");
+                    }
                 }
+                System.out.println();
             }
         }
     }
-}
+}        

Testing/Main.java

@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+public class Main {
+    // Initalizing variables
+    public static int POPULATIONSIZE = 0;
+    public static int TOURNAMENTSIZE = 0;
+    public static double MUTATIONRATE = 0;
+    // Threshold of number of mutable positions for easy level sudoku
+    public static int EASYTHRESHOLD = 60; 
+    public static int HARDTHRESHOLD = 70;
+    // List to store the population of chromosomes
+    List<Chromosome> population = new ArrayList<>();
+    Random random = new Random();
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        // Base Sudoku matrix (input matrix)
+        int[][] baseSudoku = new int[9][9];
+        // List to track positions in Sudoku that are mutable
+        List<int[]> mutablePositions = new ArrayList<>();
+        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
+        
+        try {
+            // Reading the Sudoku matrix from the console input
+            for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+                // Split the input by space
+                String[] tokens = reader.readLine().split(" ");
+                for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
+                    if (tokens[j].equals("-")) {
+                        // Empty cells are marked as 0
+                        baseSudoku[i][j] = 0;
+                        // Add mutable positions (i, j) to the list
+                        mutablePositions.add(new int[]{i, j});
+                    } else {
+                        // Set fixed value from the input
+                        baseSudoku[i][j] = Integer.parseInt(tokens[j]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // If an error occurs during input reading, print the error and stop the program
+            System.err.println("Error reading input: " + e.getMessage());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Main mainInstance = new Main(); // Create instance of Main class
+
+        // Choosing variables for different sudoku difficulties
+        if (mutablePositions.size() < EASYTHRESHOLD) { // Easy sudoku
+            POPULATIONSIZE = 100;
+            TOURNAMENTSIZE = 5;
+            MUTATIONRATE = 0.05;
+        } else if (mutablePositions.size() < HARDTHRESHOLD) { // Hard sudoku
+            POPULATIONSIZE = 100;
+            TOURNAMENTSIZE = 5;
+            MUTATIONRATE = 0.057;
+        }
+        else { // Ultra-hard sudoku
+            POPULATIONSIZE = 20000;
+            TOURNAMENTSIZE = 4;
+            MUTATIONRATE = 0.032;
+        }
+        
+        // Generate initial population of 100 chromosomes
+        mainInstance.generateInitialChromosomes(POPULATIONSIZE, baseSudoku, mutablePositions);
+
+        Chromosome bestSolution = null;
+
+        int generation = 0; // Track the number of generations
+        while (true) {
+            // Evaluate the fitness of each chromosome in the population
+            mainInstance.evaluatePopulation();
+
+            List<Chromosome> newPopulation = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < mainInstance.population.size() / 2; i++) {
+                // Select parents using tournament selection
+                List<Chromosome> parents = mainInstance.tournamentSelection(TOURNAMENTSIZE);
+                // Perform crossover to create two children from the selected parents
+                Chromosome child1 = mainInstance.crossoverBySubgrids(parents.get(0), parents.get(1));
+                Chromosome child2 = mainInstance.crossoverBySubgrids(parents.get(1), parents.get(0));
+
+                // Apply mutation to both children
+                mainInstance.mutateChromosome(child1, MUTATIONRATE);
+                mainInstance.mutateChromosome(child2, MUTATIONRATE);
+
+                // Add both children to the new population
+                newPopulation.add(child1);
+                newPopulation.add(child2);
+            }
+
+            // Replace the old population with the new population
+            mainInstance.population = newPopulation;
+
+            // Get the best chromosome from the current population
+            bestSolution = mainInstance.getBestChromosome();
+            generation++;
+
+            // If the best solution found has a fitness of 0, print it and end the program
+            if (bestSolution.getFitness() == 0) {
+                bestSolution.printChromosome(false);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Generate initial population of chromosomes
+    public void generateInitialChromosomes(int numberOfChromosomes, int[][] baseSudoku, List<int[]> mutablePositions) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < numberOfChromosomes; i++) {
+            // Create a copy of the base Sudoku
+            int[][] sudoku = copyMatrix(baseSudoku);
+            // Randomly fill mutable positions
+            for (int[] pos : mutablePositions) {
+                int row = pos[0];
+                int col = pos[1];
+                sudoku[row][col] = random.nextInt(9) + 1;
+            }
+            // Create a new chromosome with the generated Sudoku and mutable positions
+            Chromosome chromosome = new Chromosome(sudoku, new ArrayList<>(mutablePositions));
+            chromosome.evaluateFitness(); // Evaluate its fitness
+            population.add(chromosome); // Add to the population
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Create a deep copy of a matrix
+    private int[][] copyMatrix(int[][] original) {
+        int[][] copy = new int[original.length][original[0].length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < original.length; i++) {
+            System.arraycopy(original[i], 0, copy[i], 0, original[i].length);
+        }
+        return copy;
+    }
+
+
+    public List<Chromosome> tournamentSelection(int tournamentSize) {
+        List<Chromosome> selectedParents = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            List<Chromosome> tournament = new ArrayList<>();
+            // Randomly select chromosomes for the tournament
+            for (int j = 0; j < tournamentSize; j++) {
+                Chromosome randomChromosome = population.get(random.nextInt(population.size()));
+                tournament.add(randomChromosome);
+            }
+            // Determine the best chromosome in the tournament based on fitness
+            Chromosome best = tournament.get(0);
+            for (Chromosome chromosome : tournament) {
+                if (chromosome.getFitness() < best.getFitness()) {
+                    best = chromosome;
+                }
+            }
+            // Add the best chromosome to the list of selected parents
+            selectedParents.add(best);
+        }
+        return selectedParents;
+    }
+    
+    public Chromosome crossoverBySubgrids(Chromosome parent1, Chromosome parent2) {
+        int[][] childSudoku = new int[9][9];
+    
+        // Copy the entire Sudoku grid from parent1 to the child
+        for (int row = 0; row < 9; row++) {
+            System.arraycopy(parent1.getSudoku()[row], 0, childSudoku[row], 0, 9);
+        }
+    
+        // Determine the number of subgrids to swap from parent2 to child (1-5)
+        int numSubgridsToSwap = random.nextInt(5) + 1;
+        List<Integer> selectedSubgrids = new ArrayList<>();
+        while (selectedSubgrids.size() < numSubgridsToSwap) {
+            int subgridIndex = random.nextInt(9);
+            if (!selectedSubgrids.contains(subgridIndex)) {
+                selectedSubgrids.add(subgridIndex);
+            }
+        }
+    
+        // Swap the selected subgrids from parent2 into the child
+        for (int subgrid : selectedSubgrids) {
+            int rowStart = (subgrid / 3) * 3;
+            int colStart = (subgrid % 3) * 3;
+            for (int row = rowStart; row < rowStart + 3; row++) {
+                for (int col = colStart; col < colStart + 3; col++) {
+                    childSudoku[row][col] = parent2.getSudoku()[row][col];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    
+        // Create a new chromosome with the resulting child Sudoku and evaluate its fitness
+        Chromosome child = new Chromosome(childSudoku, parent1.getMutablePositions());
+        child.evaluateFitness();
+        return child;
+    }
+    
+    public void printPopulation(boolean printMutPos) {
+        System.out.println("Generated Population:");
+        int count = 1;
+        // Print each chromosome's Sudoku and fitness value
+        for (Chromosome chromosome : population) {
+            System.out.println("Chromosome " + count + ":");
+            chromosome.printChromosome(printMutPos);
+            System.out.println("Fitness: " + chromosome.getFitness());
+            System.out.println();
+            count++;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public void mutateChromosome(Chromosome chromosome, double mutationRate) {
+        int[][] sudoku = chromosome.getSudoku();
+        List<int[]> mutablePositions = chromosome.getMutablePositions();
+    
+        // Mutate each mutable position with a probability defined by mutationRate
+        for (int[] pos : mutablePositions) {
+            if (random.nextDouble() < mutationRate) {
+                int row = pos[0];
+                int col = pos[1];
+                int newValue = random.nextInt(9) + 1; // Assign a new value between 1 and 9
+                sudoku[row][col] = newValue;
+            }
+        }
+    
+        // Update the chromosome's Sudoku and recalculate its fitness
+        chromosome.setSudoku(sudoku);
+        chromosome.evaluateFitness();
+    }
+    
+    public void evaluatePopulation() {
+        // Evaluate the fitness of each chromosome in the population
+        for (Chromosome chromosome : population) {
+            chromosome.evaluateFitness();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public Chromosome getBestChromosome() {
+        // Find and return the chromosome with the best (lowest) fitness in the population
+        Chromosome best = population.get(0);
+        for (Chromosome chromosome : population) {
+            if (chromosome.getFitness() < best.getFitness()) {
+                best = chromosome;
+            }
+        }
+        return best;
+    }
+    
+    // Chromosome class representing an individual solution
+    public class Chromosome {
+        private int[][] sudoku; // Sudoku grid representing the chromosome
+        private List<int[]> mutablePositions; // Positions that can be changed (mutable)
+        private int fitness; // Fitness value representing the number of conflicts
+    
+        // Constructor for initializing a Chromosome with a Sudoku grid and mutable positions
+        public Chromosome(int[][] sudoku, List<int[]> mutablePositions) {
+            this.sudoku = sudoku;
+            this.mutablePositions = mutablePositions;
+        }
+    
+        public int[][] getSudoku() {
+            return sudoku;
+        }
+    
+        public void setSudoku(int[][] sudoku) {
+            this.sudoku = sudoku;
+        }
+    
+        public List<int[]> getMutablePositions() {
+            return mutablePositions;
+        }
+    
+        public int getFitness() {
+            return fitness;
+        }
+    
+        // Evaluate the fitness of the Sudoku by counting the number of row, column, and subgrid violations
+        public void evaluateFitness() {
+            fitness = countRowViolations() + countColumnViolations() + countSubgridViolations();
+        }
+    
+        private int countRowViolations() {
+            int violations = 0;
+            // Iterate through each row to count conflicts
+            for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+                boolean[] present = new boolean[10];
+                for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
+                    int value = sudoku[i][j];
+                    if (value != 0) {
+                        if (present[value]) {
+                            violations++; // Increment violations if the value is already seen
+                        } else {
+                            present[value] = true; // Mark the value as seen
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return violations;
+        }
+        private int countColumnViolations() {
+            int violations = 0;
+            // Loop through each column
+            for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
+                boolean[] present = new boolean[10]; // Track numbers present in the column
+                for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+                    int value = sudoku[i][j];
+                    if (value != 0) {
+                        // If the number is already present, increment the violations count
+                        if (present[value]) {
+                            violations++;
+                        } else {
+                            // Mark the number as present
+                            present[value] = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return violations;
+        }
+        
+        private int countSubgridViolations() {
+            int violations = 0;
+            // Loop through each 3x3 subgrid
+            for (int gridRow = 0; gridRow < 3; gridRow++) {
+                for (int gridCol = 0; gridCol < 3; gridCol++) {
+                    boolean[] present = new boolean[10]; // Track numbers present in the subgrid
+                    // Loop through cells in the 3x3 subgrid
+                    for (int row = gridRow * 3; row < gridRow * 3 + 3; row++) {
+                        for (int col = gridCol * 3; col < gridCol * 3 + 3; col++) {
+                            int value = sudoku[row][col];
+                            if (value != 0) {
+                                // If the number is already present, increment the violations count
+                                if (present[value]) {
+                                    violations++;
+                                } else {
+                                    // Mark the number as present
+                                    present[value] = true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return violations;
+        }
+        
+        public void printChromosome(boolean printMutPos) {
+            // Print the Sudoku matrix
+            for (int[] row : sudoku) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < row.length; j++) {
+                    System.out.print(row[j]);
+                    if (j < row.length - 1) {
+                        System.out.print(" ");
+                    }
+                }
+                System.out.println();
+            }
+            // If requested, print mutable positions
+            if (printMutPos) {
+                System.out.println("Mutable Positions:");
+                for (int i = 0; i < mutablePositions.size(); i++) {
+                    int[] pos = mutablePositions.get(i);
+                    System.out.print("(" + pos[0] + ", " + pos[1] + ")");
+                    if (i < mutablePositions.size() - 1) {
+                        System.out.print(" ");
+                    }
+                }
+                System.out.println();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}        

Testing/check.py

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import subprocess
+from time import sleep
+
+process = subprocess.Popen(['java', './Main.java'], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
+
+info = []
+for i in range(9):
+    info.append([""] * 9)
+
+def check(x, y):
+    a = 0
+    res = []
+    if info[x][y] != "":
+        a += 1
+        res.append(info[x][y])
+    for dx in range(-1, 2):
+        for dy in range(-1, 2):
+            if (0 <= x+dx <= 8 and 0 <= y+dy <= 8 and (dy != 0 or dx != 0) and info[x+dx][y+dy] == 'A'):
+                a += 1
+                res.append("P")
+                return [a, res]
+    if (0 <= x-1 <= 8 and info[x-1][y] == 'S' or 0 <= x+1 <= 8 and info[x+1][y] == 'S' or 0 <= y-1 <= 8 and info[x][y-1] == 'S' or 0 <= y+1 <= 8 and info[x][y+1] == 'S'):
+        a += 1
+        res.append("P")
+        return [a, res]
+
+    return [a, res]
+
+
+def show(neo_x, neo_y):
+    with open('close.txt', encoding='utf-8', mode='w') as f1:
+        a = list(map)
+        a[map.find('𖨆')] = ' '
+        a[map.find(str(neo_x) + " |") + 4 + neo_y * 4] = '𖨆'
+        f1.write(''.join(a))
+
+map = ''
+keymaker_x = 0
+keymaker_y = 0
+key_x = 99
+key_y = 99
+with open('field.txt', encoding='utf-8') as initial:
+    i = 1
+    for line in initial:
+        map += line
+        if (3 <= i and i <= 19 and i % 2 == 1):
+            line = line.split('|')[1:-1]
+            for j in range(len(line)):
+                if (line[j] == ' ■ '):
+                    info[i // 2 - 1][j] = 'A'
+                elif (line[j] == ' □ '):
+                    info[i // 2 - 1][j] = 'S'
+                elif (line[j] == ' ⚷ '):
+                    info[i // 2 - 1][j] = 'B'
+                    key_x = i // 2 - 1
+                    key_y = j
+                elif (line[j] == ' K '):
+                    info[i // 2 - 1][j] = 'K'
+                    keymaker_x = i // 2 - 1
+                    keymaker_y = j
+        i += 1
+
+# show(0, 0)
+mode = 1
+process.stdin.write((str(mode) + "\n" +
+                        str(keymaker_x) + " " +
+                        str(keymaker_y) + "\n"))
+process.stdin.flush()
+print(str(mode) + "\n" + str(keymaker_x) + " " + str(keymaker_y))
+
+now_x = 0
+now_y = 0
+
+while True:
+    move = process.stdout.readline().replace('\n', '')
+    print(move)
+    if 'e' in move:
+        break
+    
+    move = move.split()
+    temp_x = int(move[1])
+    temp_y = int(move[2])
+    # show(temp_x, temp_y)
+    if not(temp_x + 1 == now_x and temp_y == now_y or temp_x - 1 == now_x and temp_y == now_y or temp_x == now_x and temp_y + 1 == now_y or temp_x == now_x and temp_y - 1 == now_y or temp_x == now_x and temp_y == now_y):
+        print("Error: Teleport")
+        break
+    now_x = int(move[1])
+    now_y = int(move[2])
+    # sleep(0.5)
+
+    res = ''
+    num = 0
+
+    if mode == 1:
+        left = -1
+        right = 2
+    else:
+        left = -2
+        right = 3
+
+    for dx in range(left, right):
+        for dy in range(left, right): 
+            new_x = now_x + dx
+            new_y = now_y + dy
+            if 0 <= new_x <= 8 and 0 <= new_y <= 8:
+                a = check(new_x, new_y)
+                num += a[0]
+                for elem in a[1]:
+                    res += str(new_x) + " " + str(new_y) + " " + elem + "\n"
+
+    # Кодируем результат перед записью
+    send = str(num) + '\n' + res
+    process.stdin.write(send)
+    print(send[:-1])
+    process.stdin.flush()

Testing/generate_stats.py

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+import pandas as pd
+from statistics import multimode, mean, median, stdev
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf import PdfPages
+
+def calculate_statistics(execution_times):
+    """Calculate mean, median, mode, and standard deviation."""
+    mean_time = mean(execution_times)
+    median_time = median(execution_times)
+    modes = multimode(execution_times)
+    std_dev = stdev(execution_times)
+    
+    # Handle multiple modes
+    if len(modes) == 1:
+        mode_time = modes[0]
+    else:
+        mode_time = modes  # List of modes
+    
+    return mean_time, median_time, mode_time, std_dev
+
+def plot_histogram(execution_times, mean_time, median_time, mode_time, std_dev):
+    """Plot a histogram of execution times with mean, median, mode, and standard deviation."""
+    plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
+    
+    # Define bin range to focus between 25 and 35 ms
+    bin_start = 25
+    bin_end = 35
+    bins = list(range(bin_start, bin_end + 1))  # Bins from 25 to 35
+    
+    # Plot the main histogram
+    plt.hist(execution_times, bins=bins, edgecolor='black', alpha=0.7, label='Execution Times (25-35 ms)')
+    
+    # Plot outliers (below 25 or above 35 ms)
+    outliers = [x for x in execution_times if x < bin_start or x > bin_end]
+    if outliers:
+        # Determine appropriate bins for outliers
+        outlier_min = min(outliers)
+        outlier_max = max(outliers)
+        outlier_bins = list(range(outlier_min, outlier_max + 2))
+        plt.hist(outliers, bins=outlier_bins, edgecolor='black', alpha=0.7, color='red', label='Outliers (<25 or >35 ms)')
+    
+    plt.title('Histogram of Execution Times')
+    plt.xlabel('Execution Time (ms)')
+    plt.ylabel('Frequency')
+    
+    # Plot mean
+    plt.axvline(mean_time, color='blue', linestyle='dashed', linewidth=1.5, label=f'Mean: {mean_time:.2f} ms')
+    
+    # Plot median
+    plt.axvline(median_time, color='green', linestyle='dashed', linewidth=1.5, label=f'Median: {median_time} ms')
+    
+    # Plot mode(s)
+    if isinstance(mode_time, list):
+        for m in mode_time:
+            plt.axvline(m, color='purple', linestyle='dashed', linewidth=1.5, label=f'Mode: {m} ms')
+    else:
+        plt.axvline(mode_time, color='purple', linestyle='dashed', linewidth=1.5, label=f'Mode: {mode_time} ms')
+    
+    # Shade the area within one standard deviation from the mean
+    plt.axvspan(mean_time - std_dev, mean_time + std_dev, color='yellow', alpha=0.2, label='±1 Standard Deviation')
+    
+    # Set x-axis limits to focus on 25-35 ms with some padding for outliers
+    plt.xlim(bin_start - 5, bin_end + 5)  # Extending a bit to show outliers
+    
+    plt.legend()
+    plt.tight_layout()
+    return plt.gcf()  # Return the current figure
+
+def plot_boxplot(execution_times):
+    """Plot a box plot of execution times."""
+    plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
+    plt.boxplot(execution_times, vert=False, patch_artist=True, boxprops=dict(facecolor='lightblue'))
+    plt.title('Box Plot of Execution Times')
+    plt.xlabel('Execution Time (ms)')
+    plt.tight_layout()
+    return plt.gcf()
+
+def generate_pdf_report(csv_file, output_pdf):
+    """Generate a PDF report containing statistics and visualizations."""
+    # Read the CSV file with error handling
+    try:
+        data = pd.read_csv(csv_file)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        print(f"Error: The file '{csv_file}' was not found.")
+        return
+    except pd.errors.EmptyDataError:
+        print(f"Error: The file '{csv_file}' is empty.")
+        return
+    except pd.errors.ParserError:
+        print(f"Error: The file '{csv_file}' does not appear to be in CSV format.")
+        return
+    
+    # Check if 'ExecutionTime_ms' column exists
+    if 'ExecutionTime_ms' not in data.columns:
+        print("Error: 'ExecutionTime_ms' column not found in the CSV file.")
+        return
+    
+    # Extract execution times
+    execution_times = data['ExecutionTime_ms'].tolist()
+    
+    # Validate execution times
+    if not execution_times:
+        print("Error: No execution time data found.")
+        return
+    
+    # Check for non-numeric values
+    non_numeric = [x for x in execution_times if not isinstance(x, (int, float))]
+    if non_numeric:
+        print("Error: Non-numeric values found in 'ExecutionTime_ms' column.")
+        print(non_numeric)
+        return
+    
+    # Check if there are enough data points for standard deviation
+    if len(execution_times) < 2:
+        print("Error: At least two execution time data points are required to calculate standard deviation.")
+        return
+    
+    # Calculate statistics
+    mean_time, median_time, mode_time, std_dev = calculate_statistics(execution_times)
+    
+    # Debug print statements
+    print(f"Mean: {mean_time:.2f} ms")
+    print(f"Median: {median_time} ms")
+    print(f"Mode: {mode_time if isinstance(mode_time, list) else [mode_time]} ms")
+    print(f"Standard Deviation: {std_dev:.2f} ms")
+    
+    # Create histogram plot with standard deviation shaded
+    fig_hist = plot_histogram(execution_times, mean_time, median_time, mode_time, std_dev)
+    
+    # Create box plot
+    fig_box = plot_boxplot(execution_times)
+    
+    # Prepare statistics text
+    if isinstance(mode_time, list):
+        mode_str = ', '.join(map(str, mode_time))
+    else:
+        mode_str = str(mode_time)
+    
+    stats_text = f"""
+    Execution Time Statistics
+    =========================
+
+    Total Runs: {len(execution_times)}
+    
+    Mean: {mean_time:.2f} ms
+    Median: {median_time} ms
+    Mode: {mode_str} ms
+    Standard Deviation: {std_dev:.2f} ms
+    """
+    
+    # Create PDF
+    with PdfPages(output_pdf) as pdf:
+        # Page 1: Histogram
+        pdf.savefig(fig_hist)
+        plt.close(fig_hist)
+        
+        # Page 2: Box Plot
+        pdf.savefig(fig_box)
+        plt.close(fig_box)
+        
+        # Page 3: Statistics Summary
+        plt.figure(figsize=(8.5, 11))
+        plt.axis('off')  # Hide axes
+        
+        # Add text to the figure
+        plt.text(0.5, 0.5, stats_text, horizontalalignment='center', verticalalignment='center', fontsize=12, wrap=True)
+        
+        # Add the statistics page to the PDF
+        pdf.savefig()
+        plt.close()
+    
+    print(f"PDF report '{output_pdf}' has been generated successfully.")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # Define input and output files
+    csv_file = 'execution_times.csv'
+    output_pdf = 'execution_time_report.pdf'
+    
+    # Generate the PDF report
+    generate_pdf_report(csv_file, output_pdf)

Testing/report (2).py

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+import subprocess
+from random import randint
+import timeit
+import statistics
+
+# astar = ['python', './astar.py']
+# backtracking = ['python', './bt.exe']
+astar = ['./code.exe']
+backtracking = ['./bt.exe']
+
+process1 = subprocess.Popen(astar, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
+process2 = subprocess.Popen(astar, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
+process3 = subprocess.Popen(backtracking, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
+
+wins_Astar = 0
+losses_Astar = 0
+wins_bt = 0
+losses_bt = 0
+
+def check(x, y):
+    a = 0
+    res = []
+    if info[x][y] != "":
+        a += 1
+        res.append(info[x][y])
+    for dx in range(-1, 2):
+        for dy in range(-1, 2):
+            if (0 <= x+dx <= 8 and 0 <= y+dy <= 8 and info[x+dx][y+dy] == 'A'):
+                a += 1
+                res.append("P")
+                return [a, res]
+    if (0 <= x-1 <= 8 and info[x-1][y] == 'S' or 0 <= x+1 <= 8 and info[x+1][y] == 'S' or 0 <= y-1 <= 8 and info[x][y-1] == 'S' or 0 <= y+1 <= 8 and info[x][y+1] == 'S'):
+        a += 1
+        res.append("P")
+        return [a, res]
+
+    return [a, res]
+
+def Astar_mode_1():
+    global info, process1, wins_Astar, losses_Astar, keymaker_x, keymaker_y, key_x, key_y
+    mode = 1
+    process1.stdin.write(str(mode) + "\n" + str(keymaker_x) + " " + str(keymaker_y) + "\n")
+    process1.stdin.flush()
+    now_x = 0
+    now_y = 0
+
+    while True:
+        move = process1.stdout.readline().strip()
+        if 'e' in move:
+            if (move[-2:] == '-1'):
+                losses_Astar += 1
+            else:
+                wins_Astar += 1
+            break
+        move = move.split()
+        now_x = int(move[1])
+        now_y = int(move[2])
+
+        res = ''
+        num = 0
+
+        if mode == 1:
+            left = -1
+            right = 2
+        else:
+            left = -2
+            right = 3
+
+        for dx in range(left, right):
+            for dy in range(left, right): 
+                new_x = now_x + dx
+                new_y = now_y + dy
+                if 0 <= new_x <= 8 and 0 <= new_y <= 8:
+                    a = check(new_x, new_y)
+                    num += a[0]
+                    for elem in a[1]:
+                        res += str(new_x) + " " + str(new_y) + " " + elem + "\n"
+
+        process1.stdin.write(str(num) + '\n' + res)
+        process1.stdin.flush()
+
+def Astar_mode_2():
+    global info, process2, keymaker_x, keymaker_y, key_x, key_y
+    mode = 2
+    process2.stdin.write(str(mode) + "\n" + str(keymaker_x) + " " + str(keymaker_y) + "\n")
+    process2.stdin.flush()
+    now_x = 0
+    now_y = 0
+
+    while True:
+        move = process2.stdout.readline().strip()
+        if 'e' in move:
+            break
+        move = move.split()
+        now_x = int(move[1])
+        now_y = int(move[2])
+
+        res = ''
+        num = 0
+
+        if mode == 1:
+            left = -1
+            right = 2
+        else:
+            left = -2
+            right = 3
+
+        for dx in range(left, right):
+            for dy in range(left, right): 
+                new_x = now_x + dx
+                new_y = now_y + dy
+                if 0 <= new_x <= 8 and 0 <= new_y <= 8:
+                    a = check(new_x, new_y)
+                    num += a[0]
+                    for elem in a[1]:
+                        res += str(new_x) + " " + str(new_y) + " " + elem + "\n"
+
+        process2.stdin.write(str(num) + '\n' + res)
+        process2.stdin.flush()
+
+def back():
+    global info, process3, wins_bt, losses_bt, keymaker_x, keymaker_y, key_x, key_y
+    mode = randint(1, 2)
+    process3.stdin.write(str(mode) + "\n" + str(keymaker_x) + " " + str(keymaker_y) + "\n")
+    process3.stdin.flush()
+    now_x = 0
+    now_y = 0
+
+    while True:
+        move = process3.stdout.readline().strip()
+        if 'e' in move:
+            if (move[-2:] == '-1'):
+                losses_bt += 1
+            else:
+                wins_bt += 1
+            break
+        move = move.split()
+        now_x = int(move[1])
+        now_y = int(move[2])
+
+        res = ''
+        num = 0
+
+        if mode == 1:
+            left = -1
+            right = 2
+        else:
+            left = -2
+            right = 3
+
+        for dx in range(left, right):
+            for dy in range(left, right): 
+                new_x = now_x + dx
+                new_y = now_y + dy
+                if 0 <= new_x <= 8 and 0 <= new_y <= 8:
+                    a = check(new_x, new_y)
+                    num += a[0]
+                    for elem in a[1]:
+                        res += str(new_x) + " " + str(new_y) + " " + elem + "\n"
+
+        process3.stdin.write(str(num) + '\n' + res)
+        process3.stdin.flush()
+
+def mapgen():
+    global info, keymaker_x, keymaker_y, key_x, key_y, process1, process2, process3, astar, backtracking
+
+    info = []
+    for i in range(9):
+        info.append([""] * 9)
+    info[0][0] = 'N'
+    keymaker_x = randint(0, 8)
+    keymaker_y = randint(0, 8)
+    while (info[keymaker_x][keymaker_y] != ''):
+        keymaker_x = randint(0, 8)
+        keymaker_y = randint(0, 8)
+    info[keymaker_x][keymaker_y] = 'K'
+
+    key_x = randint(0, 8)
+    key_y = randint(0, 8)
+    while (info[key_x][key_y] != ""):
+        key_x = randint(0, 8)
+        key_y = randint(0, 8)
+    info[key_x][key_y] = 'B'
+
+    for smith in range(randint(0, 3)):
+        x = randint(0, 8)
+        y = randint(0, 8)
+        while (x == 0 and y == 0 or x == 0 and y == 1 or x == 1 and y == 0 or x == 1 and y == 1 or info[x][y] != '' or (x-1 >= 0 and y-1 >=0 and (info[x-1][y-1] == 'K' or info[x-1][y-1] == "B")) or (x-1 >= 0 and (info[x-1][y] == 'K' or info[x-1][y] == 'B')) or (x-1 >= 0 and y+1 <= 8 and (info[x-1][y+1] == 'K' or info[x-1][y+1] == 'B')) or (y-1 >= 0 and (info[x][y-1] == 'K' or info[x][y-1] == 'B')) or (y+1 <= 8 and (info[x][y+1] == 'K' or info[x][y+1] == 'B')) or (x+1 <= 8 and y-1 >= 0 and (info[x+1][y-1] == 'K' or info[x+1][y-1] == 'B')) or (x+1 <= 8 and (info[x+1][y] == 'K' or info[x+1][y] == 'B')) or (x+1 <= 8 and y+1 <= 8 and (info[x+1][y+1] == 'K' or info[x+1][y+1] == 'B'))):
+            x = randint(0, 8)
+            y = randint(0, 8)
+        info[x][y] = 'A'
+
+    for sentiel in range(randint(0, 1)):
+        x = randint(0, 8)
+        y = randint(0, 8)
+        while (x == 0 and y == 0 or x == 0 and y == 1 or x == 1 and y == 0 or info[x][y] != '' or (x-1 >= 0 and (info[x-1][y] == 'K' or info[x-1][y] == 'B')) or (x+1 <= 8 and (info[x+1][y] == 'K' or info[x+1][y] == 'B')) or (y-1 >= 0 and (info[x][y-1] == 'K' or info[x][y-1] == 'B')) or (y+1 <= 8 and (info[x][y+1] == 'K' or info[x][y+1] == 'B'))):
+            x = randint(0, 8)
+            y = randint(0, 8)
+        info[x][y] = 'S'
+
+    info[0][0] = ''
+    process1 = subprocess.Popen(astar, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
+    process2 = subprocess.Popen(astar, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
+    process3 = subprocess.Popen(backtracking, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
+
+execution_time_1 = []
+execution_time_2 = []
+execution_time_3 = []
+for i in range(1, 1001):
+    mapgen()
+    execution_time_1.append(timeit.timeit(Astar_mode_1, number=1) * 1000000)
+    execution_time_2.append(timeit.timeit(Astar_mode_2, number=1) * 1000000)
+    execution_time_3.append(timeit.timeit(back, number=1) * 1000000)
+    if (i % 100 == 0):
+        print('Запущено карт', i)
+
+print("Execution time (A* mode 1)")
+print("Mean:", statistics.mean(execution_time_1))
+print("Mode:", statistics.mode(execution_time_1))
+print("Median:", statistics.median(execution_time_1))
+print("Standart deviation:", statistics.stdev(execution_time_1))
+print()
+print("Execution time (A* mode 2)")
+print("Mean:", statistics.mean(execution_time_2))
+print("Mode:", statistics.mode(execution_time_2))
+print("Median:", statistics.median(execution_time_2))
+print("Standart deviation:", statistics.stdev(execution_time_2))
+print()
+print("Execution time (Backtrack)")
+print("Mean:", statistics.mean(execution_time_3))
+print("Mode:", statistics.mode(execution_time_3))
+print("Median:", statistics.median(execution_time_3))
+print("Standart deviation:", statistics.stdev(execution_time_3))
+print()
+print("Wins A*:", wins_Astar)
+print("Losses A*:", losses_Astar)
+print("Wins bt:", wins_bt)
+print("Losses bt:", losses_bt)

Testing/run_python_1000_times (2).sh

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Initialize the CSV file and write the header
+echo "Run,ExecutionTime_ms,Result" > execution_times.csv
+
+FILE_NAME=Main.java
+
+for i in {1..1000}
+do
+    # Record the start time in milliseconds
+    start_time=$(perl -MTime::HiRes=time -e 'printf("%.0f\n", time()*1000)')
+
+    # Execute the Python script and capture its output
+    # Use `stdout` and `stderr` to capture all outputs
+    output=$(python "$FILE_NAME" 2>&1)
+
+    # Record the end time in milliseconds
+    end_time=$(perl -MTime::HiRes=time -e 'printf("%.0f\n", time()*1000)')
+
+    # Calculate the elapsed time
+    elapsed_time=$((end_time - start_time))
+
+    # Extract the result from the Python script's output
+    # Assumes the output is in the format "e <number>"
+    result_line=$(echo "$output" | grep '^e ')
+
+    if [ -n "$result_line" ]; then
+        # Extract the number after 'e '
+        number=$(echo "$result_line" | awk '{print $2}')
+
+        # Determine Result as 1 or 0 based on the number
+        if [ "$number" -gt 0 ]; then
+            result=1
+        elif [ "$number" -eq -1 ]; then
+            result=0
+        else
+            # Handle unexpected numbers
+            result="Unexpected_$number"
+            echo "Run $i: $elapsed_time ms, Result: $result (Unexpected number)"
+        fi
+    else
+        # If the expected line is not found
+        result="N/A"
+        echo "Run $i: $elapsed_time ms, Result: $result (Missing 'e ' in output)"
+    fi
+
+    # Log the execution time and result
+    echo "Run $i: $elapsed_time ms, Result: $result"
+
+    # Append the run number, elapsed time, and result to the CSV file
+    echo "$i,$elapsed_time,$result" >> execution_times.csv
+done

Testing/run_python_1000_times.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Initialize the CSV file and write the header
+echo "Run,ExecutionTime_ms" > execution_times.csv
+
+FILE_NAME=save_neo.py
+
+for i in {1..1000}
+do
+    start_time=$(perl -MTime::HiRes=time -e 'printf("%.0f\n", time()*1000)')
+    python $FILE_NAME
+    end_time=$(perl -MTime::HiRes=time -e 'printf("%.0f\n", time()*1000)')
+    elapsed_time=$(($end_time - $start_time))
+    echo "Run $i: $elapsed_time ms"
+    # Append the result to the CSV file
+    echo "$i,$elapsed_time" >> execution_times.csv
+done

Testing/stat.py

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+import subprocess
+from time import time
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+import random
+from dokusan import generators
+
+# C++ коды
+#code = ["./build/sudoku"]
+# Java коды
+code = ["java", "./Main.java"]
+# Python коды
+# code = ["python", "./submit.py"]
+
+N_TESTS = 30
+
+def read_sudoku(file):
+    sudoku = []
+    i = 0
+    for line in file:
+        i += 1
+        if (i == 10):
+            break
+        row = list(map(int, line.split()))
+        sudoku.append(row)
+    return sudoku
+
+def is_valid_sudoku(sudoku, input_file):
+    # Проверка строк
+    for row in sudoku:
+        if len(set(row)) != 9 or any(num < 1 or num > 9 for num in row):
+            print('строка', row)
+            return False
+
+    # Проверка столбцов
+    for col in range(9):
+        column = [sudoku[row][col] for row in range(9)]
+        if len(set(column)) != 9:
+            print('столбец', col)
+            return False
+
+    # Проверка 3x3 квадратов
+    for box_row in range(0, 9, 3):
+        for box_col in range(0, 9, 3):
+            square = []
+            for i in range(3):
+                for j in range(3):
+                    square.append(sudoku[box_row + i][box_col + j])
+            if len(set(square)) != 9:
+                print('квадрат')
+                return False
+
+    # Проверка совпадения с input
+    row = 0
+    for line in input_file:
+        a = line.split()
+        for column in range(9):
+            if a[column] != '-' and int(a[column]) != sudoku[row][column]:
+                print('строка', row)
+                return False
+        row += 1
+
+    return True
+
+def mapgen(numbers, input_file):
+    # Сгенерировать полный решённый Судоку
+    full_sudoku = list(map(int, str(generators.random_sudoku(avg_rank=0))))
+    grid = [full_sudoku[i:i+9] for i in range(0, 81, 9)]
+
+    # Составить список всех координат
+    coords = [(i, j) for i in range(9) for j in range(9)]
+    random.shuffle(coords)
+
+    # Удаление чисел с проверкой на уникальность решения
+    while sum(row.count(0) for row in grid) < (81 - numbers) and coords:
+        x, y = coords.pop()
+        grid[x][y] = 0
+
+    # Записать результат в файл
+    for row in grid:
+        input_file.write(" ".join(map(str, row)).replace('0', '-') + "\n")
+
+def main():
+    exec_time_avg_easy = []
+    avg_fitness_avg_easy = []
+    max_fitness_avg_easy = []
+    exec_time_avg_medium = []
+    avg_fitness_avg_medium = []
+    max_fitness_avg_medium = []
+    exec_time_avg_hard = []
+    avg_fitness_avg_hard = []
+    max_fitness_avg_hard = []
+
+    exec_time_avg = []
+    avg_fitness_avg = []
+    max_fitness_avg = []
+    number_of_cells = []
+    a = 21
+    b = 41
+    for cells in range(a, b):
+        exec_time = []
+        avg_fitness = []
+        max_fitness = []
+        for maps in range(N_TESTS):
+            number_of_cells.append(cells)
+
+            # генерация карты
+            with open("input.txt", "w") as input_file:
+                mapgen(cells, input_file)
+
+            # запуск алгоритма
+            with open("input.txt", "r") as input_file, open("output.txt", "w") as output_file:
+                start = time()
+                process1 = subprocess.Popen(code, stdin=input_file, stdout=output_file, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
+                process1.wait()
+                exec_time.append(round(time() - start, 2))
+                print('Тест', cells, maps, 'пройден за', exec_time[-1])
+
+            # проверка на корректность решения
+            with open("input.txt", "r") as input_file, open("output.txt", "r") as output_file:
+                read = output_file.readlines()
+                avg_fitness.append(float(read[1]))
+                max_fitness.append(float(read[0]))
+                read.pop(1)
+                read.pop(0)
+                sudoku = read_sudoku(read)
+                if not is_valid_sudoku(sudoku, input_file):
+                    print("Решение судоку некорректное.")
+                    exit()
+        if (30 <= cells <= 40):
+            exec_time_avg_easy += exec_time
+            avg_fitness_avg_easy += avg_fitness
+            max_fitness_avg_easy += max_fitness
+        elif (26 <= cells <= 29):
+            exec_time_avg_medium += exec_time
+            avg_fitness_avg_medium += avg_fitness
+            max_fitness_avg_medium += max_fitness
+        else:
+            exec_time_avg_hard += exec_time
+            avg_fitness_avg_hard += avg_fitness
+            max_fitness_avg_hard += max_fitness
+        exec_time_avg.append(sum(exec_time) / len(exec_time))
+        avg_fitness_avg.append(sum(avg_fitness) / len(avg_fitness))
+        max_fitness_avg.append(sum(max_fitness) / len(max_fitness))
+
+    print('EASY')
+    print('average time', sum(exec_time_avg_easy) / len(exec_time_avg_easy))
+    print('maximum fitness', sum(max_fitness_avg_easy) / len(max_fitness_avg_easy))
+    print('average fitness', sum(avg_fitness_avg_easy) / len(avg_fitness_avg_easy))
+    print()
+    print('MEDIUM')
+    print('average time', sum(exec_time_avg_medium) / len(exec_time_avg_medium))
+    print('maximum fitness', sum(max_fitness_avg_medium) / len(max_fitness_avg_medium))
+    print('average fitness', sum(avg_fitness_avg_medium) / len(avg_fitness_avg_medium))
+    print()
+    print('HARD')
+    print('average time', sum(exec_time_avg_hard) / len(exec_time_avg_hard))
+    print('maximum fitness', sum(max_fitness_avg_hard) / len(max_fitness_avg_hard))
+    print('average fitness', sum(avg_fitness_avg_hard) / len(avg_fitness_avg_hard))
+    plt.figure(1)
+    plt.plot([i for i in range(a, b)], avg_fitness_avg, linestyle='-', color='b')
+    plt.title(f'Average avg fitness on last generation among {N_TESTS} tests per each N')
+    plt.xlabel('Numbers provided (N)')
+    plt.ylabel('Average avg fitness on last generation')
+    plt.grid()
+    plt.savefig(f"avgfit{N_TESTS}.png", dpi=400)
+
+    plt.figure(2)
+    plt.plot([i for i in range(a, b)], exec_time_avg, linestyle='-', color='b')
+    plt.title(f'Average execution time among {N_TESTS} tests per each N')
+    plt.xlabel('Numbers provided (N)')
+    plt.ylabel('Average execution time, sec')
+    plt.grid()
+    plt.savefig(f"exec{N_TESTS}.png", dpi=400)
+
+    plt.figure(3)
+    plt.plot([i for i in range(a, b)], max_fitness_avg, linestyle='-', color='b')
+    plt.title(f'Average max fitness on last generation among {N_TESTS} tests per each N')
+    plt.xlabel('Numbers provided (N)')
+    plt.ylabel('Average max fitness on last generation')
+    plt.grid()
+    plt.savefig(f"maxfit{N_TESTS}.png", dpi=400)
+
+    plt.show()
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

Testing/util.py

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+# POSSIBLE USAGE KEYS
+# map, keymaker_position = Utils.generate_random_map()
+# proceed with map actions...
+
+
+import random
+from typing import (
+    List,
+    Tuple,
+    Optional,
+    Set,
+)
+
+
+class Utils:
+    @staticmethod
+    def generate_random_map() -> Tuple[List[List[str]], Optional[Tuple[int, int]]]:
+        """
+        Generates a random 9x9 game map with placements of 'A', 'S', and 'P'.
+        'P' placements depend on the positions of 'A' and 'S'.
+        
+        Returns:
+            A tuple containing the game map and one unoccupied square (or None if all occupied).
+        """
+        # Initialize a 9x9 grid with empty strings
+        game_map: List[List[str]] = [[[] for _ in range(9)] for _ in range(9)]
+        all_coordinates: List[Tuple[int, int]] = [(x, y) for x in range(9) for y in range(9)]
+
+        def place_letter(
+            letter: str,
+            count: int,
+            available: List[Tuple[int, int]],
+        ) -> List[Tuple[int, int]]:
+            """
+            Places a specified letter on the game map a certain number of times.
+
+            Args:
+                letter: The letter to place ('A' or 'S').
+                count: Number of times to place the letter.
+                available: List of available coordinates.
+
+            Returns:
+                A list of coordinates where the letter was placed.
+            """
+            placed: List[Tuple[int, int]] = []
+            for _ in range(count):
+                if not available:
+                    break
+                x, y = random.choice(available)
+                game_map[x][y] = [letter]
+                placed.append((x, y))
+                available.remove((x, y))
+                
+            return placed
+
+        # Place "A" 0 to 3 times
+        num_A: int = random.randint(0, 3)
+        A_positions: List[Tuple[int, int]] = place_letter("A", num_A, all_coordinates)
+
+        # Place "S" 0 to 1 times
+        num_S: int = random.randint(0, 1)
+        S_positions: List[Tuple[int, int]] = place_letter("S", num_S, all_coordinates)
+
+        def get_moore_neighbors(x: int, y: int) -> List[Tuple[int, int]]:
+            """
+            Retrieves all Moore neighbors (8 surrounding cells) for a given position.
+
+            Args:
+                x: X-coordinate.
+                y: Y-coordinate.
+
+            Returns:
+                A list of neighboring coordinates within bounds.
+            """
+            neighbors: List[Tuple[int, int]] = []
+            for dx in [-1, 0, 1]:
+                for dy in [-1, 0, 1]:
+                    if dx == 0 and dy == 0:
+                        continue
+                    nx, ny = x + dx, y + dy
+                    if 0 <= nx < 9 and 0 <= ny < 9:
+                        neighbors.append((nx, ny))
+                        
+            return neighbors
+
+        def get_von_neumann_neighbors(x: int, y: int) -> List[Tuple[int, int]]:
+            """
+            Retrieves all von Neumann neighbors (4 adjacent cells) for a given position.
+
+            Args:
+                x: X-coordinate.
+                y: Y-coordinate.
+
+            Returns:
+                A list of neighboring coordinates within bounds.
+            """
+            neighbors: List[Tuple[int, int]] = []
+            for dx, dy in [(-1, 0), (1, 0), (0, -1), (0, 1)]:
+                nx, ny = x + dx, y + dy
+                if 0 <= nx < 9 and 0 <= ny < 9:
+                    neighbors.append((nx, ny))
+                    
+            return neighbors
+
+        # Collect all possible P placement positions
+        possible_P_positions: Set[Tuple[int, int]] = set()
+
+        for x, y in A_positions:
+            neighbors = get_moore_neighbors(x, y)
+            possible_P_positions.update(neighbors)
+
+        for x, y in S_positions:
+            neighbors = get_von_neumann_neighbors(x, y)
+            possible_P_positions.update(neighbors)
+
+        # Remove positions already occupied by "A" or "S"
+        occupied_positions: Set[Tuple[int, int]] = set(A_positions + S_positions)
+        possible_P_positions = [
+            pos
+            for pos in possible_P_positions
+            if pos not in occupied_positions and game_map[pos[0]][pos[1]] == []
+        ]
+
+        # Place "P" in all possible positions derived from "A" and "S"
+        for x, y in possible_P_positions:
+            game_map[x][y] = ["P"]
+            if (x, y) in all_coordinates:
+                all_coordinates.remove((x, y))
+
+        # Select one unoccupied square
+        chosen_unoccupied: Optional[Tuple[int, int]] = (
+            random.choice(all_coordinates) if all_coordinates else None
+        )
+
+        return game_map, chosen_unoccupied
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def heuristic(pos: Tuple[int, int], goal: Tuple[int, int]) -> int:
+        """
+        Calculates the Manhattan distance between two positions.
+
+        Args:
+            pos: Current position as (x, y).
+            goal: Goal position as (x, y).
+
+        Returns:
+            The Manhattan distance as an integer.
+        """
+        return abs(pos[0] - goal[0]) + abs(pos[1] - goal[1])
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_directions(pos: Tuple[int, int]) -> List[Tuple[int, int]]:
+        """
+        Returns possible moves (Up, Down, Left, Right) from the current position within bounds.
+
+        Args:
+            pos: Current position as (x, y).
+
+        Returns:
+            A list of valid adjacent positions.
+        """
+        moves: List[Tuple[int, int]] = [
+            (pos[0] + 1, pos[1]),  # Down
+            (pos[0] - 1, pos[1]),  # Up
+            (pos[0], pos[1] + 1),  # Right
+            (pos[0], pos[1] - 1),  # Left
+        ]
+
+        return [move for move in moves if 0 <= move[0] <= 8 and 0 <= move[1] <= 8]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_directions_with_zones(
+        pos: Tuple[int, int], enemies_perception_zones: Set[Tuple[int, int]]
+    ) -> List[Tuple[int, int]]:
+        """
+        Returns possible moves from the current position excluding moves that are in danger zones.
+
+        Args:
+            pos: Current position as (x, y).
+            enemies_perception_zones: A set of dangerous positions.
+
+        Returns:
+            A list of safe adjacent positions.
+        """
+        moves: List[Tuple[int, int]] = Utils.get_directions(pos)
+
+        return [move for move in moves if move not in enemies_perception_zones]

best/Main.java

@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+public class Main {
+    // Initalizing variables
+    public static int POPULATIONSIZE = 0;
+    public static int TOURNAMENTSIZE = 0;
+    public static double MUTATIONRATE = 0;
+    // Threshold of number of mutable positions for easy level sudoku
+    public static int EASYTHRESHOLD = 60; 
+    public static int HARDTHRESHOLD = 70;
+    // List to store the population of chromosomes
+    List<Chromosome> population = new ArrayList<>();
+    Random random = new Random();
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        // Base Sudoku matrix (input matrix)
+        int[][] baseSudoku = new int[9][9];
+        // List to track positions in Sudoku that are mutable
+        List<int[]> mutablePositions = new ArrayList<>();
+        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
+        
+        try {
+            // Reading the Sudoku matrix from the console input
+            for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+                // Split the input by space
+                String[] tokens = reader.readLine().split(" ");
+                for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
+                    if (tokens[j].equals("-")) {
+                        // Empty cells are marked as 0
+                        baseSudoku[i][j] = 0;
+                        // Add mutable positions (i, j) to the list
+                        mutablePositions.add(new int[]{i, j});
+                    } else {
+                        // Set fixed value from the input
+                        baseSudoku[i][j] = Integer.parseInt(tokens[j]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // If an error occurs during input reading, print the error and stop the program
+            System.err.println("Error reading input: " + e.getMessage());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Main mainInstance = new Main(); // Create instance of Main class
+
+        // Choosing variables for different sudoku difficulties
+        if (mutablePositions.size() < EASYTHRESHOLD) { // Easy sudoku
+            POPULATIONSIZE = 100;
+            TOURNAMENTSIZE = 5;
+            MUTATIONRATE = 0.05;
+        } else if (mutablePositions.size() < HARDTHRESHOLD) { // Hard sudoku
+            POPULATIONSIZE = 100;
+            TOURNAMENTSIZE = 5;
+            MUTATIONRATE = 0.057;
+        }
+        else { // Ultra-hard sudoku
+            POPULATIONSIZE = 20000;
+            TOURNAMENTSIZE = 4;
+            MUTATIONRATE = 0.032;
+        }
+        
+        // Generate initial population of 100 chromosomes
+        mainInstance.generateInitialChromosomes(POPULATIONSIZE, baseSudoku, mutablePositions);
+
+        Chromosome bestSolution = null;
+
+        int generation = 0; // Track the number of generations
+        while (true) {
+            // Evaluate the fitness of each chromosome in the population
+            mainInstance.evaluatePopulation();
+
+            List<Chromosome> newPopulation = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < mainInstance.population.size() / 2; i++) {
+                // Select parents using tournament selection
+                List<Chromosome> parents = mainInstance.tournamentSelection(TOURNAMENTSIZE);
+                // Perform crossover to create two children from the selected parents
+                Chromosome child1 = mainInstance.crossoverBySubgrids(parents.get(0), parents.get(1));
+                Chromosome child2 = mainInstance.crossoverBySubgrids(parents.get(1), parents.get(0));
+
+                // Apply mutation to both children
+                mainInstance.mutateChromosome(child1, MUTATIONRATE);
+                mainInstance.mutateChromosome(child2, MUTATIONRATE);
+
+                // Add both children to the new population
+                newPopulation.add(child1);
+                newPopulation.add(child2);
+            }
+
+            // Replace the old population with the new population
+            mainInstance.population = newPopulation;
+
+            // Get the best chromosome from the current population
+            bestSolution = mainInstance.getBestChromosome();
+            generation++;
+
+            // If the best solution found has a fitness of 0, print it and end the program
+            if (bestSolution.getFitness() == 0) {
+                bestSolution.printChromosome(false);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Generate initial population of chromosomes
+    public void generateInitialChromosomes(int numberOfChromosomes, int[][] baseSudoku, List<int[]> mutablePositions) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < numberOfChromosomes; i++) {
+            // Create a copy of the base Sudoku
+            int[][] sudoku = copyMatrix(baseSudoku);
+            // Randomly fill mutable positions
+            for (int[] pos : mutablePositions) {
+                int row = pos[0];
+                int col = pos[1];
+                sudoku[row][col] = random.nextInt(9) + 1;
+            }
+            // Create a new chromosome with the generated Sudoku and mutable positions
+            Chromosome chromosome = new Chromosome(sudoku, new ArrayList<>(mutablePositions));
+            chromosome.evaluateFitness(); // Evaluate its fitness
+            population.add(chromosome); // Add to the population
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Create a deep copy of a matrix
+    private int[][] copyMatrix(int[][] original) {
+        int[][] copy = new int[original.length][original[0].length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < original.length; i++) {
+            System.arraycopy(original[i], 0, copy[i], 0, original[i].length);
+        }
+        return copy;
+    }
+
+
+    public List<Chromosome> tournamentSelection(int tournamentSize) {
+        List<Chromosome> selectedParents = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            List<Chromosome> tournament = new ArrayList<>();
+            // Randomly select chromosomes for the tournament
+            for (int j = 0; j < tournamentSize; j++) {
+                Chromosome randomChromosome = population.get(random.nextInt(population.size()));
+                tournament.add(randomChromosome);
+            }
+            // Determine the best chromosome in the tournament based on fitness
+            Chromosome best = tournament.get(0);
+            for (Chromosome chromosome : tournament) {
+                if (chromosome.getFitness() < best.getFitness()) {
+                    best = chromosome;
+                }
+            }
+            // Add the best chromosome to the list of selected parents
+            selectedParents.add(best);
+        }
+        return selectedParents;
+    }
+    
+    public Chromosome crossoverBySubgrids(Chromosome parent1, Chromosome parent2) {
+        int[][] childSudoku = new int[9][9];
+    
+        // Copy the entire Sudoku grid from parent1 to the child
+        for (int row = 0; row < 9; row++) {
+            System.arraycopy(parent1.getSudoku()[row], 0, childSudoku[row], 0, 9);
+        }
+    
+        // Determine the number of subgrids to swap from parent2 to child (1-5)
+        int numSubgridsToSwap = random.nextInt(5) + 1;
+        List<Integer> selectedSubgrids = new ArrayList<>();
+        while (selectedSubgrids.size() < numSubgridsToSwap) {
+            int subgridIndex = random.nextInt(9);
+            if (!selectedSubgrids.contains(subgridIndex)) {
+                selectedSubgrids.add(subgridIndex);
+            }
+        }
+    
+        // Swap the selected subgrids from parent2 into the child
+        for (int subgrid : selectedSubgrids) {
+            int rowStart = (subgrid / 3) * 3;
+            int colStart = (subgrid % 3) * 3;
+            for (int row = rowStart; row < rowStart + 3; row++) {
+                for (int col = colStart; col < colStart + 3; col++) {
+                    childSudoku[row][col] = parent2.getSudoku()[row][col];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    
+        // Create a new chromosome with the resulting child Sudoku and evaluate its fitness
+        Chromosome child = new Chromosome(childSudoku, parent1.getMutablePositions());
+        child.evaluateFitness();
+        return child;
+    }
+    
+    public void printPopulation(boolean printMutPos) {
+        System.out.println("Generated Population:");
+        int count = 1;
+        // Print each chromosome's Sudoku and fitness value
+        for (Chromosome chromosome : population) {
+            System.out.println("Chromosome " + count + ":");
+            chromosome.printChromosome(printMutPos);
+            System.out.println("Fitness: " + chromosome.getFitness());
+            System.out.println();
+            count++;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public void mutateChromosome(Chromosome chromosome, double mutationRate) {
+        int[][] sudoku = chromosome.getSudoku();
+        List<int[]> mutablePositions = chromosome.getMutablePositions();
+    
+        // Mutate each mutable position with a probability defined by mutationRate
+        for (int[] pos : mutablePositions) {
+            if (random.nextDouble() < mutationRate) {
+                int row = pos[0];
+                int col = pos[1];
+                int newValue = random.nextInt(9) + 1; // Assign a new value between 1 and 9
+                sudoku[row][col] = newValue;
+            }
+        }
+    
+        // Update the chromosome's Sudoku and recalculate its fitness
+        chromosome.setSudoku(sudoku);
+        chromosome.evaluateFitness();
+    }
+    
+    public void evaluatePopulation() {
+        // Evaluate the fitness of each chromosome in the population
+        for (Chromosome chromosome : population) {
+            chromosome.evaluateFitness();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public Chromosome getBestChromosome() {
+        // Find and return the chromosome with the best (lowest) fitness in the population
+        Chromosome best = population.get(0);
+        for (Chromosome chromosome : population) {
+            if (chromosome.getFitness() < best.getFitness()) {
+                best = chromosome;
+            }
+        }
+        return best;
+    }
+    
+    // Chromosome class representing an individual solution
+    public class Chromosome {
+        private int[][] sudoku; // Sudoku grid representing the chromosome
+        private List<int[]> mutablePositions; // Positions that can be changed (mutable)
+        private int fitness; // Fitness value representing the number of conflicts
+    
+        // Constructor for initializing a Chromosome with a Sudoku grid and mutable positions
+        public Chromosome(int[][] sudoku, List<int[]> mutablePositions) {
+            this.sudoku = sudoku;
+            this.mutablePositions = mutablePositions;
+        }
+    
+        public int[][] getSudoku() {
+            return sudoku;
+        }
+    
+        public void setSudoku(int[][] sudoku) {
+            this.sudoku = sudoku;
+        }
+    
+        public List<int[]> getMutablePositions() {
+            return mutablePositions;
+        }
+    
+        public int getFitness() {
+            return fitness;
+        }
+    
+        // Evaluate the fitness of the Sudoku by counting the number of row, column, and subgrid violations
+        public void evaluateFitness() {
+            fitness = countRowViolations() + countColumnViolations() + countSubgridViolations();
+        }
+    
+        private int countRowViolations() {
+            int violations = 0;
+            // Iterate through each row to count conflicts
+            for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+                boolean[] present = new boolean[10];
+                for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
+                    int value = sudoku[i][j];
+                    if (value != 0) {
+                        if (present[value]) {
+                            violations++; // Increment violations if the value is already seen
+                        } else {
+                            present[value] = true; // Mark the value as seen
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return violations;
+        }
+        private int countColumnViolations() {
+            int violations = 0;
+            // Loop through each column
+            for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
+                boolean[] present = new boolean[10]; // Track numbers present in the column
+                for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+                    int value = sudoku[i][j];
+                    if (value != 0) {
+                        // If the number is already present, increment the violations count
+                        if (present[value]) {
+                            violations++;
+                        } else {
+                            // Mark the number as present
+                            present[value] = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return violations;
+        }
+        
+        private int countSubgridViolations() {
+            int violations = 0;
+            // Loop through each 3x3 subgrid
+            for (int gridRow = 0; gridRow < 3; gridRow++) {
+                for (int gridCol = 0; gridCol < 3; gridCol++) {
+                    boolean[] present = new boolean[10]; // Track numbers present in the subgrid
+                    // Loop through cells in the 3x3 subgrid
+                    for (int row = gridRow * 3; row < gridRow * 3 + 3; row++) {
+                        for (int col = gridCol * 3; col < gridCol * 3 + 3; col++) {
+                            int value = sudoku[row][col];
+                            if (value != 0) {
+                                // If the number is already present, increment the violations count
+                                if (present[value]) {
+                                    violations++;
+                                } else {
+                                    // Mark the number as present
+                                    present[value] = true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return violations;
+        }
+        
+        public void printChromosome(boolean printMutPos) {
+            // Print the Sudoku matrix
+            for (int[] row : sudoku) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < row.length; j++) {
+                    System.out.print(row[j]);
+                    if (j < row.length - 1) {
+                        System.out.print(" ");
+                    }
+                }
+                System.out.println();
+            }
+            // If requested, print mutable positions
+            if (printMutPos) {
+                System.out.println("Mutable Positions:");
+                for (int i = 0; i < mutablePositions.size(); i++) {
+                    int[] pos = mutablePositions.get(i);
+                    System.out.print("(" + pos[0] + ", " + pos[1] + ")");
+                    if (i < mutablePositions.size() - 1) {
+                        System.out.print(" ");
+                    }
+                }
+                System.out.println();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}        
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

input.txt

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-- 8 - - - - - 9 -
+- - - 8 5 6 - - -
-- - 7 5 - 2 8 - -
+- - - 1 9 - - - -
-6 - - 8 - 7 - - 5
+5 - - - - 7 - 1 -
-3 7 - - 8 - - 5 1
+- 2 - - - 9 - 7 5
-2 - - - - - - - 8
+- 9 - - - 1 2 - 3
-9 5 - - 4 - - 3 2
+- - - - 3 - 1 - -
-8 - - 1 - 4 - - 9
+- 3 - - - - - 2 -
-- - 1 9 - 3 6 - -
+- - - - - - - - -
-- 4 - - - - - 2 -
+- - 1 - - - - - -

other/.LCKMain.java~

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/home/emil/Coding/Assignments/ITAI/Sudoku_solver/other/Main.java

other/Main.java

@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+public class Main {
+    // Initalizing variables
+    public static int POPULATIONSIZE = 0;
+    public static int TOURNAMENTSIZE = 0;
+    public static double MUTATIONRATE = 0;
+    // Threshold of number of mutable positions for easy level sudoku
+    public static int EASYTHRESHOLD = 60; 
+    public static int HARDTHRESHOLD = 70;
+    // List to store the population of chromosomes
+    List<Chromosome> population = new ArrayList<>();
+    Random random = new Random();
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        // Base Sudoku matrix (input matrix)
+        int[][] baseSudoku = new int[9][9];
+        // List to track positions in Sudoku that are mutable
+        List<int[]> mutablePositions = new ArrayList<>();
+        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
+        
+        try {
+            // Reading the Sudoku matrix from the console input
+            for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+                // Split the input by space
+                String[] tokens = reader.readLine().split(" ");
+                for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
+                    if (tokens[j].equals("-")) {
+                        // Empty cells are marked as 0
+                        baseSudoku[i][j] = 0;
+                        // Add mutable positions (i, j) to the list
+                        mutablePositions.add(new int[]{i, j});
+                    } else {
+                        // Set fixed value from the input
+                        baseSudoku[i][j] = Integer.parseInt(tokens[j]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // If an error occurs during input reading, print the error and stop the program
+            System.err.println("Error reading input: " + e.getMessage());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Main mainInstance = new Main(); // Create instance of Main class
+
+        // Choosing variables for different sudoku difficulties
+        if (mutablePositions.size() < EASYTHRESHOLD) { // Easy sudoku
+            POPULATIONSIZE = 100;
+            TOURNAMENTSIZE = 5;
+            MUTATIONRATE = 0.05;
+        } else if (mutablePositions.size() < HARDTHRESHOLD) { // Hard sudoku
+            POPULATIONSIZE = 100;
+            TOURNAMENTSIZE = 5;
+            MUTATIONRATE = 0.057;
+        }
+        else { // Ultra-hard sudoku
+            POPULATIONSIZE = 20000;
+            TOURNAMENTSIZE = 4;
+            MUTATIONRATE = 0.032;
+        }
+        
+        // Generate initial population of 100 chromosomes
+        mainInstance.generateInitialChromosomes(POPULATIONSIZE, baseSudoku, mutablePositions);
+
+        Chromosome bestSolution = null;
+        List<Integer> fitnessValues = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        int stuckCounter = 0;
+        int tryUnstuckCount = 0;
+        boolean unstucking = false;
+
+        int INITIAL_POPULATIONSIZE = POPULATIONSIZE;
+        int INITIAL_TOURNAMENTSIZE = TOURNAMENTSIZE;
+        double INITIAL_MUTATIONRATE = MUTATIONRATE;
+
+        int generation = 0; // Track the number of generations
+        while (true) {
+            // Evaluate the fitness of each chromosome in the population
+            mainInstance.evaluatePopulation();
+
+            bestSolution = mainInstance.getBestChromosome();
+            fitnessValues.add(bestSolution.getFitness());
+
+            List<Chromosome> newPopulation = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < mainInstance.population.size() / 2; i++) {
+                // Select parents using tournament selection
+                List<Chromosome> parents = mainInstance.tournamentSelection(TOURNAMENTSIZE);
+                // Perform crossover to create two children from the selected parents
+                Chromosome child1 = mainInstance.crossoverBySubgrids(parents.get(0), parents.get(1));
+                Chromosome child2 = mainInstance.crossoverBySubgrids(parents.get(1), parents.get(0));
+
+                // Apply mutation to both children
+                mainInstance.mutateChromosome(child1, MUTATIONRATE);
+                mainInstance.mutateChromosome(child2, MUTATIONRATE);
+
+                // Add both children to the new population
+                newPopulation.add(child1);
+                newPopulation.add(child2);
+            }
+
+            // Replace the old population with the new population
+            mainInstance.population = newPopulation;
+
+            // Get the best chromosome from the current population
+            bestSolution = mainInstance.getBestChromosome();
+            generation++;
+
+            // If the best solution found has a fitness of 0, print it and end the program
+            if (bestSolution.getFitness() == 0) {
+                bestSolution.printChromosome(false);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            //change arguments when algorithm is stuck
+            if (fitnessValues.size() > 2) {
+                if (fitnessValues.get(fitnessValues.size()-1) == fitnessValues.get(fitnessValues.size()-2)){
+                    stuckCounter++;
+                    //System.out.println("StuckCount: " + String.valueOf(stuckCounter));
+                    if (stuckCounter > 50){
+                        if (MUTATIONRATE < 1){
+                            unstucking = true;
+                            System.out.println(MUTATIONRATE);
+                            System.out.println(POPULATIONSIZE);
+                            MUTATIONRATE = MUTATIONRATE * 1.1 + 0.01;
+                            POPULATIONSIZE /= 2;
+                        }
+                        stuckCounter = 0;
+                    }
+                } else{
+                    stuckCounter = 0;
+                }
+            }
+            if (unstucking) {
+                //System.out.println("Unstucking");
+                tryUnstuckCount++;
+                if (tryUnstuckCount > 100){
+                    unstucking = false;
+                    tryUnstuckCount = 0;
+                    POPULATIONSIZE = INITIAL_POPULATIONSIZE; 
+                    TOURNAMENTSIZE = INITIAL_TOURNAMENTSIZE;
+                    MUTATIONRATE = INITIAL_MUTATIONRATE;
+                }
+            }
+            //System.out.println("UnstuckCount: " + String.valueOf(tryUnstuckCount));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Generate initial population of chromosomes
+    public void generateInitialChromosomes(int numberOfChromosomes, int[][] baseSudoku, List<int[]> mutablePositions) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < numberOfChromosomes; i++) {
+            // Create a copy of the base Sudoku
+            int[][] sudoku = copyMatrix(baseSudoku);
+            // Randomly fill mutable positions
+            for (int[] pos : mutablePositions) {
+                int row = pos[0];
+                int col = pos[1];
+                sudoku[row][col] = random.nextInt(9) + 1;
+            }
+            // Create a new chromosome with the generated Sudoku and mutable positions
+            Chromosome chromosome = new Chromosome(sudoku, new ArrayList<>(mutablePositions));
+            chromosome.evaluateFitness(); // Evaluate its fitness
+            population.add(chromosome); // Add to the population
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Create a deep copy of a matrix
+    private int[][] copyMatrix(int[][] original) {
+        int[][] copy = new int[original.length][original[0].length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < original.length; i++) {
+            System.arraycopy(original[i], 0, copy[i], 0, original[i].length);
+        }
+        return copy;
+    }
+
+
+    public List<Chromosome> tournamentSelection(int tournamentSize) {
+        List<Chromosome> selectedParents = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            List<Chromosome> tournament = new ArrayList<>();
+            // Randomly select chromosomes for the tournament
+            for (int j = 0; j < tournamentSize; j++) {
+                Chromosome randomChromosome = population.get(random.nextInt(population.size()));
+                tournament.add(randomChromosome);
+            }
+            // Determine the best chromosome in the tournament based on fitness
+            Chromosome best = tournament.get(0);
+            for (Chromosome chromosome : tournament) {
+                if (chromosome.getFitness() < best.getFitness()) {
+                    best = chromosome;
+                }
+            }
+            // Add the best chromosome to the list of selected parents
+            selectedParents.add(best);
+        }
+        return selectedParents;
+    }
+    
+    public Chromosome crossoverBySubgrids(Chromosome parent1, Chromosome parent2) {
+        int[][] childSudoku = new int[9][9];
+    
+        // Copy the entire Sudoku grid from parent1 to the child
+        for (int row = 0; row < 9; row++) {
+            System.arraycopy(parent1.getSudoku()[row], 0, childSudoku[row], 0, 9);
+        }
+    
+        // Determine the number of subgrids to swap from parent2 to child (1-5)
+        int numSubgridsToSwap = random.nextInt(5) + 1;
+        List<Integer> selectedSubgrids = new ArrayList<>();
+        while (selectedSubgrids.size() < numSubgridsToSwap) {
+            int subgridIndex = random.nextInt(9);
+            if (!selectedSubgrids.contains(subgridIndex)) {
+                selectedSubgrids.add(subgridIndex);
+            }
+        }
+    
+        // Swap the selected subgrids from parent2 into the child
+        for (int subgrid : selectedSubgrids) {
+            int rowStart = (subgrid / 3) * 3;
+            int colStart = (subgrid % 3) * 3;
+            for (int row = rowStart; row < rowStart + 3; row++) {
+                for (int col = colStart; col < colStart + 3; col++) {
+                    childSudoku[row][col] = parent2.getSudoku()[row][col];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    
+        // Create a new chromosome with the resulting child Sudoku and evaluate its fitness
+        Chromosome child = new Chromosome(childSudoku, parent1.getMutablePositions());
+        child.evaluateFitness();
+        return child;
+    }
+    
+    public void printPopulation(boolean printMutPos) {
+        System.out.println("Generated Population:");
+        int count = 1;
+        // Print each chromosome's Sudoku and fitness value
+        for (Chromosome chromosome : population) {
+            System.out.println("Chromosome " + count + ":");
+            chromosome.printChromosome(printMutPos);
+            System.out.println("Fitness: " + chromosome.getFitness());
+            System.out.println();
+            count++;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public void mutateChromosome(Chromosome chromosome, double mutationRate) {
+        int[][] sudoku = chromosome.getSudoku();
+        List<int[]> mutablePositions = chromosome.getMutablePositions();
+    
+        // Mutate each mutable position with a probability defined by mutationRate
+        for (int[] pos : mutablePositions) {
+            if (random.nextDouble() < mutationRate) {
+                int row = pos[0];
+                int col = pos[1];
+                int newValue = random.nextInt(9) + 1; // Assign a new value between 1 and 9
+                sudoku[row][col] = newValue;
+            }
+        }
+    
+        // Update the chromosome's Sudoku and recalculate its fitness
+        chromosome.setSudoku(sudoku);
+        chromosome.evaluateFitness();
+    }
+    
+    public void evaluatePopulation() {
+        // Evaluate the fitness of each chromosome in the population
+        for (Chromosome chromosome : population) {
+            chromosome.evaluateFitness();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public Chromosome getBestChromosome() {
+        // Find and return the chromosome with the best (lowest) fitness in the population
+        Chromosome best = population.get(0);
+        for (Chromosome chromosome : population) {
+            if (chromosome.getFitness() < best.getFitness()) {
+                best = chromosome;
+            }
+        }
+        return best;
+    }
+    
+    // Chromosome class representing an individual solution
+    public class Chromosome {
+        private int[][] sudoku; // Sudoku grid representing the chromosome
+        private List<int[]> mutablePositions; // Positions that can be changed (mutable)
+        private int fitness; // Fitness value representing the number of conflicts
+    
+        // Constructor for initializing a Chromosome with a Sudoku grid and mutable positions
+        public Chromosome(int[][] sudoku, List<int[]> mutablePositions) {
+            this.sudoku = sudoku;
+            this.mutablePositions = mutablePositions;
+        }
+    
+        public int[][] getSudoku() {
+            return sudoku;
+        }
+    
+        public void setSudoku(int[][] sudoku) {
+            this.sudoku = sudoku;
+        }
+    
+        public List<int[]> getMutablePositions() {
+            return mutablePositions;
+        }
+    
+        public int getFitness() {
+            return fitness;
+        }
+    
+        // Evaluate the fitness of the Sudoku by counting the number of row, column, and subgrid violations
+        public void evaluateFitness() {
+            fitness = countRowViolations() + countColumnViolations() + countSubgridViolations();
+        }
+    
+        private int countRowViolations() {
+            int violations = 0;
+            // Iterate through each row to count conflicts
+            for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+                boolean[] present = new boolean[10];
+                for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
+                    int value = sudoku[i][j];
+                    if (value != 0) {
+                        if (present[value]) {
+                            violations++; // Increment violations if the value is already seen
+                        } else {
+                            present[value] = true; // Mark the value as seen
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return violations;
+        }
+        private int countColumnViolations() {
+            int violations = 0;
+            // Loop through each column
+            for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
+                boolean[] present = new boolean[10]; // Track numbers present in the column
+                for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+                    int value = sudoku[i][j];
+                    if (value != 0) {
+                        // If the number is already present, increment the violations count
+                        if (present[value]) {
+                            violations++;
+                        } else {
+                            // Mark the number as present
+                            present[value] = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return violations;
+        }
+        
+        private int countSubgridViolations() {
+            int violations = 0;
+            // Loop through each 3x3 subgrid
+            for (int gridRow = 0; gridRow < 3; gridRow++) {
+                for (int gridCol = 0; gridCol < 3; gridCol++) {
+                    boolean[] present = new boolean[10]; // Track numbers present in the subgrid
+                    // Loop through cells in the 3x3 subgrid
+                    for (int row = gridRow * 3; row < gridRow * 3 + 3; row++) {
+                        for (int col = gridCol * 3; col < gridCol * 3 + 3; col++) {
+                            int value = sudoku[row][col];
+                            if (value != 0) {
+                                // If the number is already present, increment the violations count
+                                if (present[value]) {
+                                    violations++;
+                                } else {
+                                    // Mark the number as present
+                                    present[value] = true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return violations;
+        }
+        
+        public void printChromosome(boolean printMutPos) {
+            // Print the Sudoku matrix
+            for (int[] row : sudoku) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < row.length; j++) {
+                    System.out.print(row[j]);
+                    if (j < row.length - 1) {
+                        System.out.print(" ");
+                    }
+                }
+                System.out.println();
+            }
+            // If requested, print mutable positions
+            if (printMutPos) {
+                System.out.println("Mutable Positions:");
+                for (int i = 0; i < mutablePositions.size(); i++) {
+                    int[] pos = mutablePositions.get(i);
+                    System.out.print("(" + pos[0] + ", " + pos[1] + ")");
+                    if (i < mutablePositions.size() - 1) {
+                        System.out.print(" ");
+                    }
+                }
+                System.out.println();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}        

statistical/demo/pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <parent>
+          <groupId>com.example</groupId>
+          <artifactId>SudokuSolver</artifactId>
+          <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    </parent>
+
+    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
+    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+
+    <properties>
+        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
+        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
+    </properties>
+
+</project>

statistical/demo/src/main/java/com/example/Main.java

@@ -0,0 +1,465 @@
+package com.example;
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import org.knowm.xchart.SwingWrapper;
+import org.knowm.xchart.XYChart;
+import org.knowm.xchart.XYSeries;
+import org.knowm.xchart.XYSeries.XYSeriesRenderStyle;
+
+public class Main {
+    // Initalizing variables
+    public static int POPULATIONSIZE = 0;
+    public static int TOURNAMENTSIZE = 0;
+    public static double MUTATIONRATE = 0;
+    // Threshold of number of mutable positions for easy level sudoku
+    public static int EASYTHRESHOLD = 60; 
+    public static int HARDTHRESHOLD = 70;
+    // List to store the population of chromosomes
+    List<Chromosome> population = new ArrayList<>();
+    Random random = new Random();
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        // Base Sudoku matrix (input matrix)
+        int[][] baseSudoku = new int[9][9];
+        // List to track positions in Sudoku that are mutable
+        List<int[]> mutablePositions = new ArrayList<>();
+        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
+        
+        try {
+            // Reading the Sudoku matrix from the console input
+            for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+                // Split the input by space
+                String[] tokens = reader.readLine().split(" ");
+                for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
+                    if (tokens[j].equals("-")) {
+                        // Empty cells are marked as 0
+                        baseSudoku[i][j] = 0;
+                        // Add mutable positions (i, j) to the list
+                        mutablePositions.add(new int[]{i, j});
+                    } else {
+                        // Set fixed value from the input
+                        baseSudoku[i][j] = Integer.parseInt(tokens[j]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // If an error occurs during input reading, print the error and stop the program
+            System.err.println("Error reading input: " + e.getMessage());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Main mainInstance = new Main(); // Create instance of Main class
+
+        // Choosing variables for different sudoku difficulties
+        if (mutablePositions.size() < EASYTHRESHOLD) { // Easy sudoku
+            POPULATIONSIZE = 500000;
+            TOURNAMENTSIZE = 3;
+            MUTATIONRATE = 0.1;
+        } else if (mutablePositions.size() < HARDTHRESHOLD) { // Hard sudoku
+            POPULATIONSIZE = 100000;
+            TOURNAMENTSIZE = 8;
+            MUTATIONRATE = 0.34;
+        }
+        else { // Ultra-hard sudoku
+            POPULATIONSIZE = 100000;
+            TOURNAMENTSIZE = 10;
+            MUTATIONRATE = 0.0;
+        }
+        
+        // Generate initial population of chromosomes
+        mainInstance.generateInitialChromosomes(POPULATIONSIZE, baseSudoku, mutablePositions);
+
+        Chromosome bestSolution = null;
+        List<Integer> fitnessValues = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        int generation = 0; // Track the number of generations
+        int stuckCounter = 0;
+        int tryUnstuckCount = 0;
+        boolean unstucking = false;
+
+        int INITIAL_POPULATIONSIZE = POPULATIONSIZE;
+        int INITIAL_TOURNAMENTSIZE = TOURNAMENTSIZE;
+        double INITIAL_MUTATIONRATE = MUTATIONRATE;
+        
+        
+
+
+        while (true) {
+            // Evaluate the fitness of each chromosome in the population
+            mainInstance.evaluatePopulation();
+
+            // Track the best fitness value in the current generation
+            bestSolution = mainInstance.getBestChromosome();
+            fitnessValues.add(bestSolution.getFitness());
+
+            List<Chromosome> newPopulation = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < mainInstance.population.size() / 2; i++) {
+                // Select parents using tournament selection
+                List<Chromosome> parents = mainInstance.tournamentSelection(TOURNAMENTSIZE);
+                // Perform crossover to create two children from the selected parents
+                Chromosome child1 = mainInstance.crossoverBySubgrids(parents.get(0), parents.get(1));
+                Chromosome child2 = mainInstance.crossoverBySubgrids(parents.get(1), parents.get(0));
+
+                // Apply mutation to both children
+                mainInstance.mutateChromosome(child1, MUTATIONRATE);
+                mainInstance.mutateChromosome(child2, MUTATIONRATE);
+
+                // Add both children to the new population
+                newPopulation.add(child1);
+                newPopulation.add(child2);
+            }
+
+            // Replace the old population with the new population
+            mainInstance.population = newPopulation;
+
+            generation++;
+
+            // Plot the fitness graph every 10 generations
+            if (generation % 10 == 0) {
+                mainInstance.plotFitness(fitnessValues);
+            }
+            
+            // If the best solution found has a fitness of 0, print it and end the program
+            if (bestSolution.getFitness() == 0) {
+                bestSolution.printChromosome(false);
+                return;
+            }
+            /* 
+            // Check if algorithm is stuck
+            if (fitnessValues.size() > 2) {
+                if (fitnessValues.get(fitnessValues.size()-1) == fitnessValues.get(fitnessValues.size()-2)){
+                    stuckCounter++;
+                    System.out.println("StuckCount: " + stuckCounter);
+                    if (stuckCounter > 20){
+                        if (MUTATIONRATE < 1){
+                            unstucking = true;
+                            System.out.println(MUTATIONRATE);
+                            System.out.println(POPULATIONSIZE);
+                            MUTATIONRATE = MUTATIONRATE * 1.1 + 0.01;
+                            POPULATIONSIZE /= 2;
+                            TOURNAMENTSIZE /= 2;
+                        }
+                        stuckCounter = 0;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    stuckCounter = 0;
+                }
+            }
+            if (unstucking) {
+                System.out.println("Unstucking");
+                tryUnstuckCount++;
+                if (tryUnstuckCount > 100){
+                    unstucking = false;
+                    tryUnstuckCount = 0;
+                    POPULATIONSIZE = INITIAL_POPULATIONSIZE;
+                    TOURNAMENTSIZE = INITIAL_TOURNAMENTSIZE;
+                    MUTATIONRATE = INITIAL_MUTATIONRATE;
+                }
+            }
+            System.out.println("UnstuckCount: " + tryUnstuckCount);
+            }*/
+    }
+
+    // Generate initial population of chromosomes
+    public void generateInitialChromosomes(int numberOfChromosomes, int[][] baseSudoku, List<int[]> mutablePositions) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < numberOfChromosomes; i++) {
+            // Create a copy of the base Sudoku
+            int[][] sudoku = copyMatrix(baseSudoku);
+            // Randomly fill mutable positions while ensuring no duplicates in subgrids
+            for (int gridRow = 0; gridRow < 3; gridRow++) {
+                for (int gridCol = 0; gridCol < 3; gridCol++) {
+                    boolean[] present = new boolean[10];
+                    List<int[]> subgridPositions = new ArrayList<>();
+                    // Collect all positions in the current 3x3 subgrid
+                    for (int row = gridRow * 3; row < gridRow * 3 + 3; row++) {
+                        for (int col = gridCol * 3; col < gridCol * 3 + 3; col++) {
+                            int value = sudoku[row][col];
+                            if (value != 0) {
+                                present[value] = true;
+                            } else {
+                                subgridPositions.add(new int[]{row, col});
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    // Randomly fill the subgrid ensuring no duplicates
+                    for (int[] pos : subgridPositions) {
+                        int newValue;
+                        do {
+                            newValue = random.nextInt(9) + 1;
+                        } while (present[newValue]);
+                        sudoku[pos[0]][pos[1]] = newValue;
+                        present[newValue] = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // Create a new chromosome with the generated Sudoku and mutable positions
+            Chromosome chromosome = new Chromosome(sudoku, new ArrayList<>(mutablePositions));
+            chromosome.evaluateFitness(); // Evaluate its fitness
+            population.add(chromosome); // Add to the population
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Create a deep copy of a matrix
+    private int[][] copyMatrix(int[][] original) {
+        int[][] copy = new int[original.length][original[0].length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < original.length; i++) {
+            System.arraycopy(original[i], 0, copy[i], 0, original[i].length);
+        }
+        return copy;
+    }
+
+    public List<Chromosome> tournamentSelection(int tournamentSize) {
+        List<Chromosome> selectedParents = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            List<Chromosome> tournament = new ArrayList<>();
+            // Randomly select chromosomes for the tournament
+            for (int j = 0; j < tournamentSize; j++) {
+                Chromosome randomChromosome = population.get(random.nextInt(population.size()));
+                tournament.add(randomChromosome);
+            }
+            // Determine the best chromosome in the tournament based on fitness
+            Chromosome best = tournament.get(0);
+            for (Chromosome chromosome : tournament) {
+                if (chromosome.getFitness() < best.getFitness()) {
+                    best = chromosome;
+                }
+            }
+            // Add the best chromosome to the list of selected parents
+            selectedParents.add(best);
+        }
+        return selectedParents;
+    }
+    
+    public Chromosome crossoverBySubgrids(Chromosome parent1, Chromosome parent2) {
+        int[][] childSudoku = new int[9][9];
+    
+        // Copy the entire Sudoku grid from parent1 to the child
+        for (int row = 0; row < 9; row++) {
+            System.arraycopy(parent1.getSudoku()[row], 0, childSudoku[row], 0, 9);
+        }
+    
+        // Determine the number of subgrids to swap from parent2 to child (1-5)
+        int numSubgridsToSwap = random.nextInt(5) + 1;
+        List<Integer> selectedSubgrids = new ArrayList<>();
+        while (selectedSubgrids.size() < numSubgridsToSwap) {
+            int subgridIndex = random.nextInt(9);
+            if (!selectedSubgrids.contains(subgridIndex)) {
+                selectedSubgrids.add(subgridIndex);
+            }
+        }
+    
+        // Swap the selected subgrids from parent2 into the child
+        for (int subgrid : selectedSubgrids) {
+            int rowStart = (subgrid / 3) * 3;
+            int colStart = (subgrid % 3) * 3;
+            for (int row = rowStart; row < rowStart + 3; row++) {
+                for (int col = colStart; col < colStart + 3; col++) {
+                    childSudoku[row][col] = parent2.getSudoku()[row][col];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    
+        // Create a new chromosome with the resulting child Sudoku and evaluate its fitness
+        Chromosome child = new Chromosome(childSudoku, parent1.getMutablePositions());
+        child.evaluateFitness();
+        return child;
+    }
+    
+    public void printPopulation(boolean printMutPos) {
+        System.out.println("Generated Population:");
+        int count = 1;
+        // Print each chromosome's Sudoku and fitness value
+        for (Chromosome chromosome : population) {
+            System.out.println("Chromosome " + count + ":");
+            chromosome.printChromosome(printMutPos);
+            System.out.println("Fitness: " + chromosome.getFitness());
+            System.out.println();
+            count++;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public void mutateChromosome(Chromosome chromosome, double mutationRate) {
+        int[][] sudoku = chromosome.getSudoku();
+    
+        // With a probability defined by mutationRate, perform a mutation by swapping subgrids
+        if (random.nextDouble() < mutationRate) {
+            // Randomly select two different subgrids to swap
+            int subgrid1, subgrid2;
+            do {
+                subgrid1 = random.nextInt(9);
+                subgrid2 = random.nextInt(9);
+            } while (subgrid1 == subgrid2);
+    
+            // Get the starting coordinates for both subgrids
+            int rowStart1 = (subgrid1 / 3) * 3;
+            int colStart1 = (subgrid1 % 3) * 3;
+            int rowStart2 = (subgrid2 / 3) * 3;
+            int colStart2 = (subgrid2 % 3) * 3;
+    
+            // Swap the values in the two selected subgrids
+            for (int rowOffset = 0; rowOffset < 3; rowOffset++) {
+                for (int colOffset = 0; colOffset < 3; colOffset++) {
+                    int temp = sudoku[rowStart1 + rowOffset][colStart1 + colOffset];
+                    sudoku[rowStart1 + rowOffset][colStart1 + colOffset] = sudoku[rowStart2 + rowOffset][colStart2 + colOffset];
+                    sudoku[rowStart2 + rowOffset][colStart2 + colOffset] = temp;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    
+        // Update the chromosome's Sudoku and recalculate its fitness
+        chromosome.setSudoku(sudoku);
+        chromosome.evaluateFitness();
+    }
+
+    
+    public void evaluatePopulation() {
+        // Evaluate the fitness of each chromosome in the population
+        for (Chromosome chromosome : population) {
+            chromosome.evaluateFitness();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public Chromosome getBestChromosome() {
+        // Find and return the chromosome with the best (lowest) fitness in the population
+        Chromosome best = population.get(0);
+        for (Chromosome chromosome : population) {
+            if (chromosome.getFitness() < best.getFitness()) {
+                best = chromosome;
+            }
+        }
+        return best;
+    }
+    
+    // Chromosome class representing an individual solution
+    public class Chromosome {
+        private int[][] sudoku; // Sudoku grid representing the chromosome
+        private List<int[]> mutablePositions; // Positions that can be changed (mutable)
+        private int fitness; // Fitness value representing the number of conflicts
+    
+        // Constructor for initializing a Chromosome with a Sudoku grid and mutable positions
+        public Chromosome(int[][] sudoku, List<int[]> mutablePositions) {
+            this.sudoku = sudoku;
+            this.mutablePositions = mutablePositions;
+        }
+    
+        public int[][] getSudoku() {
+            return sudoku;
+        }
+    
+        public void setSudoku(int[][] sudoku) {
+            this.sudoku = sudoku;
+        }
+    
+        public List<int[]> getMutablePositions() {
+            return mutablePositions;
+        }
+    
+        public int getFitness() {
+            return fitness;
+        }
+    
+        // Evaluate the fitness of the Sudoku by counting the number of row, column, and subgrid violations
+        public void evaluateFitness() {
+            fitness = countRowViolations() + countColumnViolations() + countSubgridViolations();
+        }
+    
+        private int countRowViolations() {
+            int violations = 0;
+            // Iterate through each row to count conflicts
+            for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+                boolean[] present = new boolean[10];
+                for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
+                    int value = sudoku[i][j];
+                    if (value != 0) {
+                        if (present[value]) {
+                            violations++; // Increment violations if the value is already seen
+                        } else {
+                            present[value] = true; // Mark the value as seen
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return violations;
+        }
+        private int countColumnViolations() {
+            int violations = 0;
+            // Loop through each column
+            for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
+                boolean[] present = new boolean[10]; // Track numbers present in the column
+                for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+                    int value = sudoku[i][j];
+                    if (value != 0) {
+                        // If the number is already present, increment the violations count
+                        if (present[value]) {
+                            violations++;
+                        } else {
+                            // Mark the number as present
+                            present[value] = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return violations;
+        }
+        
+        private int countSubgridViolations() {
+            int violations = 0;
+            // Loop through each 3x3 subgrid
+            for (int gridRow = 0; gridRow < 3; gridRow++) {
+                for (int gridCol = 0; gridCol < 3; gridCol++) {
+                    boolean[] present = new boolean[10]; // Track numbers present in the subgrid
+                    // Loop through cells in the 3x3 subgrid
+                    for (int row = gridRow * 3; row < gridRow * 3 + 3; row++) {
+                        for (int col = gridCol * 3; col < gridCol * 3 + 3; col++) {
+                            int value = sudoku[row][col];
+                            if (value != 0) {
+                                // If the number is already present, increment the violations count
+                                if (present[value]) {
+                                    violations++;
+                                } else {
+                                    // Mark the number as present
+                                    present[value] = true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return violations;
+        }
+        
+        public void printChromosome(boolean printMutPos) {
+            // Print the Sudoku matrix
+            for (int[] row : sudoku) {
+                for (int j : row) {
+                    System.out.print(j + " ");
+                }
+                System.out.println();
+            }
+            // If requested, print mutable positions
+            if (printMutPos) {
+                System.out.println("Mutable Positions:");
+                for (int[] pos : mutablePositions) {
+                    System.out.print("(" + pos[0] + ", " + pos[1] + ") ");
+                }
+                System.out.println();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Method to plot the fitness values over generations
+    public void plotFitness(List<Integer> fitnessValues) {
+        XYChart chart = new XYChart(800, 600);
+        chart.setTitle("Fitness over Generations");
+        chart.setXAxisTitle("Generation");
+        chart.setYAxisTitle("Fitness");
+        XYSeries series = chart.addSeries("Fitness", null, fitnessValues);
+        series.setXYSeriesRenderStyle(XYSeriesRenderStyle.Line);
+        new SwingWrapper<>(chart).displayChart();
+    }
+}   

statistical/demo/target/maven-archiver/pom.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+artifactId=demo
+groupId=com.example
+version=1.0-SNAPSHOT

statistical/demo/target/maven-status/maven-compiler-plugin/compile/default-compile/createdFiles.lst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Main$Chromosome.class
+Main.class

statistical/demo/target/maven-status/maven-compiler-plugin/compile/default-compile/inputFiles.lst

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/home/emil/Coding/Assignments/ITAI/Sudoku_solver/statistical/demo/src/main/java/com/example/Main.java