From ff7b09adef4e355aa5e06123b5f8e6d5748f50aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: emil28092005 <emil28092005@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 30 Oct 2026 20:18:28 +0300
Subject: [PATCH] Sharpen the static ice surface

Ridged grain replaces the smooth swells, and two families of fracture lines step the
height, so the refracted sheets break across hard seams instead of drifting. The
height field stays time-independent: only the plasma moves. Grazing rays at a step
are clamped so the sheets never smear off the atlas.
---
 7_ice_over.frag | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 ice_plasma.html |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/7_ice_over.frag b/7_ice_over.frag
index f25aacd..3c08843 100644
--- a/7_ice_over.frag
+++ b/7_ice_over.frag
@@ -24,14 +24,29 @@ float fbm(vec2 p) {
   for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { sum += amp * noise(p); p = mat2(1.62, 1.17, -1.17, 1.62) * p; amp *= 0.5; }
   return sum;
 }
+float fbm2(vec2 p) {
+  return 0.5 * noise(p) + 0.25 * noise(mat2(1.62, 1.17, -1.17, 1.62) * p);
+}
 vec2 atlasUV(vec2 world, float layer) {
   vec2 uv = world / (2.0 * EXTENT) + 0.5;
   uv = clamp(uv, 0.5 / u_tile_res, 1.0 - 0.5 / u_tile_res); // keep bilinear taps inside the tile
   return (vec2(mod(layer, 4.0), floor(layer / 4.0)) + uv) / vec2(4.0, 2.0);
 }
-// Smooth frozen surface: two octaves, no bubbles, no grain.
+// The slab's fracture lines: two families of long, slightly wandering cracks. Shared
+// by the height field and the sheen, so each crack is both a bright seam and a step.
+vec2 fracture(vec2 x) {
+  float d = fbm(x * 0.62 + 3.0) - 0.5;                 // zero set: long winding cracks
+  float e = fbm(x * 1.35 - 7.0) - 0.5;                 // a sparser second family
+  return vec2(d, e);
+}
+// Frozen surface: fine ridged grain over the plates the cracks have lifted apart.
+// Static in world space; only the plasma behind it moves.
 float height(vec2 x) {
-  return 0.15 * fbm(x * 1.3 + 2.0) + 0.05 * fbm(x * 3.7 - 5.0);
+  vec2 fr = fracture(x);
+  return 0.085 * (1.0 - abs(2.0 * fbm2(x * 1.9 + 2.0) - 1.0))
+       + 0.030 * (1.0 - abs(2.0 * fbm2(x * 4.6 - 5.0) - 1.0))
+       + 0.020 * clamp(fr.x * 60.0, -1.0, 1.0)   // the slab sits at a different level
+       + 0.012 * clamp(fr.y * 60.0, -1.0, 1.0);  // on each side of a crack
 }
 void main() {
   vec2 screen = gl_FragCoord.xy / u_res;
@@ -57,7 +72,7 @@ void main() {
   vec2 shearR = (refract(ray, normal, 1.0 / (IOR - 0.012)) - inside).xy;
   vec2 shearB = (refract(ray, normal, 1.0 / (IOR + 0.016)) - inside).xy;
   inside = normalize(inside);
-  if (inside.z > -0.05) inside = vec3(0.0, 0.0, -1.0);
+  inside.z = min(inside.z, -0.50); // bound grazing rays at the crack steps
 
   // Recentre the parallax on the middle of the sheet stack: near and far sheets
   // then slide past each other at different rates as the pointer moves.
@@ -89,6 +104,14 @@ void main() {
   float fresnel = pow(1.0 - facing, 5.0);
   vec3 sky = mix(vec3(0.004, 0.016, 0.030), vec3(0.075, 0.220, 0.320), normal.y * 0.5 + 0.5);
   col += sky * (fresnel * 1.2 + bevel * 0.03);
+  // Steep faces of the crests catch a thin sheen: the edge of the frozen surface,
+  // painted only where the ice actually tilts, so the open water stays black.
+  float tilt = smoothstep(0.45, 0.95, length(slope));
+  col += vec3(0.030, 0.085, 0.105) * tilt;
+  vec2 fr = fracture(hit.xy);
+  float crack = (1.0 - smoothstep(0.0, 0.006, abs(fr.x)))
+              + (1.0 - smoothstep(0.0, 0.006, abs(fr.y)));
+  col += vec3(0.020, 0.055, 0.070) * crack * smoothstep(0.58, 0.80, fbm2(hit.xy * 0.30 + 21.0));
 
   gl_FragColor = vec4(pow(clamp(col, 0.0, 1.0), vec3(0.4545)), 1.0);
 }
diff --git a/ice_plasma.html b/ice_plasma.html
index d01b8c9..c052e06 100644
--- a/ice_plasma.html
+++ b/ice_plasma.html
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ canvas{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;touch-action:none}
 <script>
 'use strict';
 const sceneSource = "// Pass 1: eight plasma sheets, one atlas tile each. Alpha stores linear depth.\n// Density field lit as a height surface: billowing volumes with a real terminator.\nprecision highp float;\nuniform vec2 u_res; // size of one tile\nuniform float u_time;\n\nfloat hash(vec2 p) { return fract(sin(dot(p, vec2(127.1, 311.7))) * 43758.5453); }\nfloat noise(vec2 p) {\n  vec2 i = floor(p), f = fract(p);\n  f = f*f*(3.0-2.0*f);\n  return mix(mix(hash(i), hash(i+vec2(1.0,0.0)), f.x),\n             mix(hash(i+vec2(0.0,1.0)), hash(i+vec2(1.0,1.0)), f.x), f.y);\n}\nfloat fbm(vec2 p) {\n  float sum = 0.0, amp = 0.5;\n  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {\n    sum += amp * noise(p);\n    p = mat2(1.62, 1.17, -1.17, 1.62) * p;\n    amp *= 0.5;\n  }\n  return sum;\n}\nfloat fbm2(vec2 p) {\n  return 0.5 * noise(p) + 0.25 * noise(mat2(1.62, 1.17, -1.17, 1.62) * p);\n}\nconst float EXTENT = 3.8; // half-width of a sheet in world units; must match the ice pass\n\nvoid main() {\n  vec2 tile = floor(gl_FragCoord.xy / u_res);\n  float layer = tile.x + tile.y * 4.0;\n  vec2 uv = fract(gl_FragCoord.xy / u_res);\n  vec2 p = (uv - 0.5) * 2.0 * vec2(EXTENT * u_res.x / u_res.y, EXTENT);\n  p *= 0.85 + 0.10 * layer; // far sheets carry finer detail, which reads as distance\n  float angle = hash(vec2(layer, 3.1)) * 6.2831853;\n  p = mat2(cos(angle), sin(angle), -sin(angle), cos(angle)) * p;\n\n  // Periodic time: every field returns exactly after 30 seconds.\n  float phase = u_time * 6.2831853 / 30.0;\n  vec2 o = vec2(cos(phase), sin(phase));\n  vec2 seed = vec2(layer * 17.3, layer * 9.1);\n\n  // Two nested warp stages, the marbled-plasma motion.\n  vec2 q = vec2(fbm(p * 0.50 + seed + o * 0.55),\n                fbm(p * 0.50 + seed + 23.1 - o * 0.55));\n  vec2 r = vec2(fbm(p * 0.85 + 2.0 * q + seed + vec2(o.y, -o.x) * 0.40),\n                fbm(p * 0.85 + 2.0 * q + seed + 31.7 - vec2(o.y, -o.x) * 0.40));\n  vec2 w = p * 1.10 + 2.6 * r + seed;   // warped coords of the density field\n\n  // The silhouette is shared by all sheets (slid a little per depth), so the gaps\n  // stay open right through the stack instead of filling in with overlap.\n  float mass = smoothstep(0.520, 0.548, fbm((p + o * 0.30 + vec2(0.10, -0.07) * layer) * 0.62 + r * 1.1 + 13.7));\n\n  // Light the density as a height surface: $cheap 2-octave gradient, strong terminator.\n  float h = 0.05;\n  vec2 slope = vec2(fbm2(w + vec2(h, 0.0)) - fbm2(w - vec2(h, 0.0)),\n                    fbm2(w + vec2(0.0, h)) - fbm2(w - vec2(0.0, h))) * (10.0 / (2.0 * h));\n  vec3 nrm = normalize(vec3(-slope, 1.0));\n  float lit = clamp(dot(nrm, normalize(vec3(-0.38, 0.52, 0.76))), 0.0, 1.0);\n\n  // Folded planes across the volume, feathered so they never read as a grid.\n  vec2 g = (p + r * 2.0) * 1.4;\n  vec2 cell = floor(g), f = fract(g);\n  float feather = smoothstep(0.0, 0.10, min(min(f.x, 1.0 - f.x), min(f.y, 1.0 - f.y)));\n  float facet = mix(1.0, mix(0.70, 1.25, hash(cell + seed + step(1.0, f.x + f.y) * 37.0)), feather);\n\n  float shade = 0.05 + 1.10 * lit * lit;                // lit tops, near-black undersides\n  float e = mass * facet * shade * 0.085\n          + mass * (1.0 - mass) * 4.0 * 0.040           // thin torn silhouette\n          + mass * pow(lit, 14.0) * 0.110;              // glint where a fold faces the light\n  vec3 col = e * mix(vec3(0.02, 0.42, 0.60), vec3(0.08, 0.64, 0.88), facet * 0.5);\n  // Faint dye in the open gaps so darkness reads as depth, not as a hole.\n  col += smoothstep(0.40, 0.85, fbm(p * 0.30 + seed * 0.4 + o * 0.3)) * vec3(0.0003, 0.0011, 0.0015);\n\n  gl_FragColor = vec4(col, (0.42 + layer * 0.26) / 2.6);\n}\n";
-const iceSource = "// Pass 2: clean ice. Refraction, chromatic shear, absorption by true path length.\n// Nothing is added to empty space, so the gaps between sheets stay black.\nprecision highp float;\nuniform vec2 u_res;\nuniform float u_time;\nuniform vec2 u_mouse; // normalized, bottom-left origin\nuniform sampler2D u_scene;\nuniform vec2 u_tile_res;\n\nconst float EXTENT = 3.8;                 // must match the plasma pass\nconst float FRONT  = -2.0;                // ice surface, camera at the origin looking down -z\nconst vec3  SIGMA  = vec3(0.66, 0.26, 0.11); // absorption per unit: red dies first, so depth turns blue\nconst float IOR    = 1.31;\n\nfloat hash(vec2 p) { return fract(sin(dot(p, vec2(127.1, 311.7))) * 43758.5453); }\nfloat noise(vec2 p) {\n  vec2 i = floor(p), f = fract(p);\n  f = f*f*(3.0-2.0*f);\n  return mix(mix(hash(i), hash(i+vec2(1.0,0.0)), f.x),\n             mix(hash(i+vec2(0.0,1.0)), hash(i+vec2(1.0,1.0)), f.x), f.y);\n}\nfloat fbm(vec2 p) {\n  float sum = 0.0, amp = 0.5;\n  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { sum += amp * noise(p); p = mat2(1.62, 1.17, -1.17, 1.62) * p; amp *= 0.5; }\n  return sum;\n}\nvec2 atlasUV(vec2 world, float layer) {\n  vec2 uv = world / (2.0 * EXTENT) + 0.5;\n  uv = clamp(uv, 0.5 / u_tile_res, 1.0 - 0.5 / u_tile_res); // keep bilinear taps inside the tile\n  return (vec2(mod(layer, 4.0), floor(layer / 4.0)) + uv) / vec2(4.0, 2.0);\n}\n// Smooth frozen surface: two octaves, no bubbles, no grain.\nfloat height(vec2 x) {\n  return 0.15 * fbm(x * 1.3 + 2.0) + 0.05 * fbm(x * 3.7 - 5.0);\n}\nvoid main() {\n  vec2 screen = gl_FragCoord.xy / u_res;\n  vec2 p = (gl_FragCoord.xy - 0.5 * u_res) / u_res.y;\n  vec2 look = clamp(u_mouse - 0.5, -0.35, 0.35); // orbiting the slab centre\n  vec3 ray = normalize(vec3(p - look * 2.2, -1.6));\n\n  // Front surface along the view ray; two fixed-point steps settle on the swell.\n  float t = FRONT / ray.z;\n  for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) t = (FRONT + height(ray.xy * t)) / ray.z;\n  vec3 hit = ray * t;\n\n  float e = 0.02;\n  vec2 slope = vec2(height(hit.xy + vec2(e, 0.0)) - height(hit.xy - vec2(e, 0.0)),\n                    height(hit.xy + vec2(0.0, e)) - height(hit.xy - vec2(0.0, e))) / (2.0 * e);\n  float bevel = smoothstep(0.14, 0.0, min(min(screen.x, 1.0 - screen.x), min(screen.y, 1.0 - screen.y)));\n  slope += bevel * (screen - 0.5) * 0.55; // the slab turns away at the frame edge\n  vec3 normal = normalize(vec3(-slope, 1.0));\n  float facing = max(dot(-ray, normal), 0.0);\n\n  // Refracted ray; red and blue bend a little differently, which is what makes ice ring.\n  vec3 inside = refract(ray, normal, 1.0 / IOR);\n  vec2 shearR = (refract(ray, normal, 1.0 / (IOR - 0.012)) - inside).xy;\n  vec2 shearB = (refract(ray, normal, 1.0 / (IOR + 0.016)) - inside).xy;\n  inside = normalize(inside);\n  if (inside.z > -0.05) inside = vec3(0.0, 0.0, -1.0);\n\n  // Recentre the parallax on the middle of the sheet stack: near and far sheets\n  // then slide past each other at different rates as the pointer moves.\n  vec2 par = look * 4.54;\n\n  vec3 acc = vec3(0.0);\n  float trans = 1.0;\n  for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {\n    float layer = float(i);\n    float depth = texture2D(u_scene, atlasUV(hit.xy + par, layer)).a * 2.6; // depth buffer from pass 1\n    float path = (hit.z - (FRONT - depth)) / -inside.z;                     // ice crossed to reach this sheet\n    vec2 at = (hit + inside * path).xy + par;\n    vec3 plasma;\n    plasma.r = texture2D(u_scene, atlasUV(at + shearR * path, layer)).r;\n    plasma.g = texture2D(u_scene, atlasUV(at, layer)).g;\n    plasma.b = texture2D(u_scene, atlasUV(at + shearB * path, layer)).b;\n    vec3 c = plasma * exp(-SIGMA * path);\n    // Near plumes are nearly opaque, so the sheets behind them show through the gaps\n    // instead of averaging into a wash. That is what makes the stack read as depth.\n    float alpha = clamp(max(max(c.r, c.g), c.b) * 1.8, 0.0, 0.80);\n    acc += trans * c;\n    trans *= 1.0 - alpha;\n  }\n\n  // Gentle shoulder: overlapping glow stays coloured instead of clipping to white.\n  vec3 col = vec3(1.0) - exp(-acc * 1.5);\n\n  // Glass: reflection and a rim only where the surface turns away. Empty space stays dark.\n  float fresnel = pow(1.0 - facing, 5.0);\n  vec3 sky = mix(vec3(0.004, 0.016, 0.030), vec3(0.075, 0.220, 0.320), normal.y * 0.5 + 0.5);\n  col += sky * (fresnel * 1.2 + bevel * 0.03);\n\n  gl_FragColor = vec4(pow(clamp(col, 0.0, 1.0), vec3(0.4545)), 1.0);\n}\n";
+const iceSource = "// Pass 2: clean ice. Refraction, chromatic shear, absorption by true path length.\n// Nothing is added to empty space, so the gaps between sheets stay black.\nprecision highp float;\nuniform vec2 u_res;\nuniform float u_time;\nuniform vec2 u_mouse; // normalized, bottom-left origin\nuniform sampler2D u_scene;\nuniform vec2 u_tile_res;\n\nconst float EXTENT = 3.8;                 // must match the plasma pass\nconst float FRONT  = -2.0;                // ice surface, camera at the origin looking down -z\nconst vec3  SIGMA  = vec3(0.66, 0.26, 0.11); // absorption per unit: red dies first, so depth turns blue\nconst float IOR    = 1.31;\n\nfloat hash(vec2 p) { return fract(sin(dot(p, vec2(127.1, 311.7))) * 43758.5453); }\nfloat noise(vec2 p) {\n  vec2 i = floor(p), f = fract(p);\n  f = f*f*(3.0-2.0*f);\n  return mix(mix(hash(i), hash(i+vec2(1.0,0.0)), f.x),\n             mix(hash(i+vec2(0.0,1.0)), hash(i+vec2(1.0,1.0)), f.x), f.y);\n}\nfloat fbm(vec2 p) {\n  float sum = 0.0, amp = 0.5;\n  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { sum += amp * noise(p); p = mat2(1.62, 1.17, -1.17, 1.62) * p; amp *= 0.5; }\n  return sum;\n}\nfloat fbm2(vec2 p) {\n  return 0.5 * noise(p) + 0.25 * noise(mat2(1.62, 1.17, -1.17, 1.62) * p);\n}\nvec2 atlasUV(vec2 world, float layer) {\n  vec2 uv = world / (2.0 * EXTENT) + 0.5;\n  uv = clamp(uv, 0.5 / u_tile_res, 1.0 - 0.5 / u_tile_res); // keep bilinear taps inside the tile\n  return (vec2(mod(layer, 4.0), floor(layer / 4.0)) + uv) / vec2(4.0, 2.0);\n}\n// The slab's fracture lines: two families of long, slightly wandering cracks. Shared\n// by the height field and the sheen, so each crack is both a bright seam and a step.\nvec2 fracture(vec2 x) {\n  float d = fbm(x * 0.62 + 3.0) - 0.5;                 // zero set: long winding cracks\n  float e = fbm(x * 1.35 - 7.0) - 0.5;                 // a sparser second family\n  return vec2(d, e);\n}\n// Frozen surface: fine ridged grain over the plates the cracks have lifted apart.\n// Static in world space; only the plasma behind it moves.\nfloat height(vec2 x) {\n  vec2 fr = fracture(x);\n  return 0.085 * (1.0 - abs(2.0 * fbm2(x * 1.9 + 2.0) - 1.0))\n       + 0.030 * (1.0 - abs(2.0 * fbm2(x * 4.6 - 5.0) - 1.0))\n       + 0.020 * clamp(fr.x * 60.0, -1.0, 1.0)   // the slab sits at a different level\n       + 0.012 * clamp(fr.y * 60.0, -1.0, 1.0);  // on each side of a crack\n}\nvoid main() {\n  vec2 screen = gl_FragCoord.xy / u_res;\n  vec2 p = (gl_FragCoord.xy - 0.5 * u_res) / u_res.y;\n  vec2 look = clamp(u_mouse - 0.5, -0.35, 0.35); // orbiting the slab centre\n  vec3 ray = normalize(vec3(p - look * 2.2, -1.6));\n\n  // Front surface along the view ray; two fixed-point steps settle on the swell.\n  float t = FRONT / ray.z;\n  for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) t = (FRONT + height(ray.xy * t)) / ray.z;\n  vec3 hit = ray * t;\n\n  float e = 0.02;\n  vec2 slope = vec2(height(hit.xy + vec2(e, 0.0)) - height(hit.xy - vec2(e, 0.0)),\n                    height(hit.xy + vec2(0.0, e)) - height(hit.xy - vec2(0.0, e))) / (2.0 * e);\n  float bevel = smoothstep(0.14, 0.0, min(min(screen.x, 1.0 - screen.x), min(screen.y, 1.0 - screen.y)));\n  slope += bevel * (screen - 0.5) * 0.55; // the slab turns away at the frame edge\n  vec3 normal = normalize(vec3(-slope, 1.0));\n  float facing = max(dot(-ray, normal), 0.0);\n\n  // Refracted ray; red and blue bend a little differently, which is what makes ice ring.\n  vec3 inside = refract(ray, normal, 1.0 / IOR);\n  vec2 shearR = (refract(ray, normal, 1.0 / (IOR - 0.012)) - inside).xy;\n  vec2 shearB = (refract(ray, normal, 1.0 / (IOR + 0.016)) - inside).xy;\n  inside = normalize(inside);\n  inside.z = min(inside.z, -0.50); // bound grazing rays at the crack steps\n\n  // Recentre the parallax on the middle of the sheet stack: near and far sheets\n  // then slide past each other at different rates as the pointer moves.\n  vec2 par = look * 4.54;\n\n  vec3 acc = vec3(0.0);\n  float trans = 1.0;\n  for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {\n    float layer = float(i);\n    float depth = texture2D(u_scene, atlasUV(hit.xy + par, layer)).a * 2.6; // depth buffer from pass 1\n    float path = (hit.z - (FRONT - depth)) / -inside.z;                     // ice crossed to reach this sheet\n    vec2 at = (hit + inside * path).xy + par;\n    vec3 plasma;\n    plasma.r = texture2D(u_scene, atlasUV(at + shearR * path, layer)).r;\n    plasma.g = texture2D(u_scene, atlasUV(at, layer)).g;\n    plasma.b = texture2D(u_scene, atlasUV(at + shearB * path, layer)).b;\n    vec3 c = plasma * exp(-SIGMA * path);\n    // Near plumes are nearly opaque, so the sheets behind them show through the gaps\n    // instead of averaging into a wash. That is what makes the stack read as depth.\n    float alpha = clamp(max(max(c.r, c.g), c.b) * 1.8, 0.0, 0.80);\n    acc += trans * c;\n    trans *= 1.0 - alpha;\n  }\n\n  // Gentle shoulder: overlapping glow stays coloured instead of clipping to white.\n  vec3 col = vec3(1.0) - exp(-acc * 1.5);\n\n  // Glass: reflection and a rim only where the surface turns away. Empty space stays dark.\n  float fresnel = pow(1.0 - facing, 5.0);\n  vec3 sky = mix(vec3(0.004, 0.016, 0.030), vec3(0.075, 0.220, 0.320), normal.y * 0.5 + 0.5);\n  col += sky * (fresnel * 1.2 + bevel * 0.03);\n  // Steep faces of the crests catch a thin sheen: the edge of the frozen surface,\n  // painted only where the ice actually tilts, so the open water stays black.\n  float tilt = smoothstep(0.45, 0.95, length(slope));\n  col += vec3(0.030, 0.085, 0.105) * tilt;\n  vec2 fr = fracture(hit.xy);\n  float crack = (1.0 - smoothstep(0.0, 0.006, abs(fr.x)))\n              + (1.0 - smoothstep(0.0, 0.006, abs(fr.y)));\n  col += vec3(0.020, 0.055, 0.070) * crack * smoothstep(0.58, 0.80, fbm2(hit.xy * 0.30 + 21.0));\n\n  gl_FragColor = vec4(pow(clamp(col, 0.0, 1.0), vec3(0.4545)), 1.0);\n}\n";
 const vertexSource = 'attribute vec2 p; void main(){gl_Position=vec4(p,0.0,1.0);}';
 const canvas = document.getElementById('view'), help = document.getElementById('help');
 const gl = canvas.getContext('webgl', {antialias:false, alpha:false, preserveDrawingBuffer:true});